Prenatal Development Flashcards
What is Anencephaly?
The absense of a major portion of the brain, skull and scalp that occurs during embryotic development.
What is the age of viability?
24 weeks
What is amniotic fluid?
Liquid contained in the amniotic sac. It surrounds the unborn fetus during pregnancy.
What is the Amniotic Sac?
The fluid-filled sac that contains and protects a fetus in the womb.
What can cause asthma for babies?
The mother smoking and prematurity.
What is the Blastocyst?
This is the inner layer that will later develop into the embryo.
What is the Trophoblast?
This is the outter layer that will later provide nutrience (the placenta)
What can cause blindness?
STD’s, Chicken pox.
What are the 2 stages of brian wiring?
- Neurons building - Connections
What is conception?
Conception is when the ovum is fertilized by a sperm cell in a fallopian tube. The cell begins to multiply into a bunch of cells (by 6 days there are 250 cells) in order to make a fetus. It then implants into the uterine wall.
What are Critical Periods?
Specific times when development must occur for no problems in future.
What are the negative effects caffeine has on a developing fetus?
Stunded growth, ADHD, miscarriage, high blood pressure.
What does “use it or lose it” mean?
The brain gets ride of connections not being used as much to make the brain less complicated and more organized.
What is cortisal?
It is a stress hormone
What are the negative effects cocaine has on a developing fetus?
SIDS, small for age, miscarriage, stunted growth of internal organs, tremors, aggrivation, etc.
What are the negative effects chicken pox has on a developing fetus?
Development of pneumonia, skin scarring, fetal varicella syndrome (FVS), etc.
What makes up the Circulatory system later in development?
The mesoderm.
What stage is connections in brain wiring?
stage 2
What is cell specialization?
When cells determine their purpose and differentiate..
What is Congenital?
Is a medical condition that is present at or before birth.
What is Dopamine?
It’s a hormone in the brain that focuses on things that make us feel good. This is the pleasure hormone.
What is the Default mode network?
A network of interacting brain regions that is active when a person is not focused on the outside world
What makes up the digestive system later in development?
The Endoderm
What does the Ectoderm develop into?
The nervous system
What does the Endoderm develop into?
The digestive system and respiratory system
What is Epigenetics?
Any process that alters genetic activity and DNA wihtout changing the gene itself.
What are environmental factors that effect development?
Things found in the environment that affect development
What are genetic factors that effect development?
conditions that a person is born with that affect human development
What is the Endometrial wall?
Its the thin lining on the inner cavity of the uterus.
What can FAS do to a developing fetus?
Clef Palate Droupy face Webbed Feet High risk of drinking in later life.
At 12 weeks:
All vital organs and body parts will be in place this week; even the sex organs have developed.
Why are Fatty acids important?
Need for myelin information
What does Folic acid do?
Prevents neural tube defects
When is Full term?
37 weeks
What is Fertility?
Being able to get pregnant and give birth to a baby.
What is the Germinal Period?
First 2 weeks after conception
What are Glial Cells?
Supporting cells for neural cell production.
What is lightening?
Baby moves into birthing position
What is lanugo?
Downy hair on fetus
What is considered a low birth weight?
Below 5lbs
What is the mesoderm?
later develops the circulatory system, skeletal system, reproductive system, etc.
What is the Myelin Sheath?
Transmitting messages efficiently.
What is a miscarriage?
Loss of pregnancy before 20 weeks
What does plasticity mean?
The brains ability to adapt to the environment it is put into.
What is pruning?
Removing neurons which may have become damaged or degraded in order to further improve the “networking”
What can cause PID or Pelvic Inflammatory Disorder later in life?
STI’s being passed to the baby.
What is parentese?
The slow, high pitched talk of how parents speak to babies.
What is quickening?
Fetal movement felt by mom
Rapid Cell Devision?
Critical first 2 weeks of development
What is spina bifida?
congenital defect of the spine in which part of the spinal cord and its meninges are exposed through a gap in the backbone.
What are still births?
Spontaneous abortion after 20 weeks
What is the startle reflex?
This is the sensation of falling that the baby is scared of.
What are the main STI’s
Syphilis, HIV, chlamydia, genital herpes.
What is the Teratogen?
agents and conditions, including viruses, drugs, chemicals, stressors, and malnutrition that can impair prenatal development and lead to birth defects or even death
What is Toxoplasmosis?
Cat litter, toxoplasma gondii
What is Vernix?
Waxy substance on fetus that protects the skin
What is VOC’s or Volatile Organic Compounds
Compounds that easily become vapors or gases.
What is the window of opportunity?
a favorable opportunity for doing something that must be seized immediately if it is not to be missed.
What is a zygote?
A fertilized ovum.
What type of paint is good for an unborn baby?
Water based paints
What are the characteristics of a crack baby?
- Learning Problems
- Behaviour problems
- ADHD
- Growth Defects
- Increased chance of miscarriage
- Restricted blood flow
- Premature detachment of the placenta
- Face, kidney, body, brain.
- Irritability
- Tremors
- Feeding problems
Why are some scientists concerned about male fertility?
- Chemicals found in plastics are decreasing the male population.
- A decline in sperm quality
- There is a plant by the reserve, there where more females being born. We will go extinct. YAYAYYA!
Why is attachment and bonding so important for infants?
Because if an infant doesn’t do these things they won’t learn social interactions. For example, if a baby doesn’t successfully attach to their primary caregiver they won’t go through the separation anxiety. Although this seems bad, it’s actually healthy and if this didn’t occur it would indicate no attachment or bond was made during those important years of life.
What is Piaget theory?
Jean Piaget theory was: The Cognitive Theory.
It concerned with the development of a person’s thought process. It also looks at how these thought processes influence how we understand and interact with the world.
What is Erikson’s theory?
He developed the Psychosocial Theory.
Personality develops in a series of stages. Although, this theory describes the impact of social experiences across the whole lifespan.
What is Freud’s Theory?
Sigmund Freud discovered the Psychosexual theory
Personality develops through a series of stages. According to the theory, completing each stage successfully results in a healthy adult personality.
What is Watson’s theory?
John B. Watson developed the Behaviourist Theory.
Behaviours can be measured, trained, and changed.
What is Bundura’s theory?
Albert Bandura developed the Social Learning Theory.
People can learn new info and behaviour by watching other people. Known as observational learning (or modeling)
What is Vygotsky’s theory?
Lev Vygotsky developed the Sociocultural Theory
It looks at the importance of society’s contribution to an individual’s development. Stresses the interaction between developing people.
If a child is under constant stress it can contribute to what later in life?
It will impair development
What is the “strange situation” experiment?
Mary Ainsworth conducted this experiment to observe attachment relationships between a caregiver and child.
What is attachment?
Person specific relationship that is dominated by affectionate interchanges.
What is bonding?
Basic link of trust between infant and caretaker.
What is “failure to thrive”?
Poor weight gain and physical growth failure over an extended period of time in infancy.
What is organic failure to thrive:
Medical factors
This occurs when there is an underlying medical cause.
What is non-organic failure to thrive?
Natural factors
No known medical condition that causes poor growth, and accounts for 80% of cases.
What is toxic stress?
It’s when a child experiences strong, frequent stress.
What are the 4 types of attachment:
- Anxious - Avoidant
- Securely Attached
- Anxious - Resistant
- Insecure - disorganized/disoriented
What’s the best time to learn languages?
1 - 3
What is the difference between the:
- nativist perspective theory
- The learning theory perspective
- The Interactionary theory
The nativist = Born with it
Learning Perspective = Imitation
Interactionist = bits of info are processed into language or both biological and social
