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Anatomy wk 7 -11 > The brain > Flashcards

The brain Flashcards

1
Q

General features of the brain

A 
Frontal 
Parietal 
Occipital 
Temporal 
Cerebellum
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2
Q

central sulcus

A

pre central (motor cortex) and post central (sensory cortex) gyri either side of sulcus

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3
Q

Lateral fissure

A

contains middle cerebral artery

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4
Q

Longitudinal fissure

A

contains anterior cerebral artery

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5
Q

sulcus

A

the groove

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6
Q

gyrus

A

the lump

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7
Q

Cerebral hemispheres

A 
Primary motor 
Somatosensory motor 
Werneke's  speech area -recognition 
Visual cortex
Auditory cortex 
Broca's speech area - motor
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8
Q

Medial sagittal section

A 
Cerebral hemispheres
Corpus Callosum 
Hypothalamus
Pons
Medulla Oblogata 
Cerebellum  
Midbrain
Thalmus
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9
Q

Corpus Callosumn

A

white matter tract that connects the cerebral hemisphere

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10
Q

Between gryi of same hemisphere

A

Association tract

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11
Q

From one hemisphere to the corresponding region of the other

A

Commisural tracts/ fibres

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12
Q

From cerebrum to thalamus, brainstem etc

A

Projection fibres

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13
Q

Basal ganglion - coronal section

A 
Choroid plexus 
Internal capsule 
Globus pallidus 
Putamen 
Caudate nucleus
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14
Q

Main action of the basal ganglion

A

regulate initiation and termination of body movements

also thought to be involved in memory, planning and emotional response (via limbic system)

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15
Q

lentiform nucleus =

A

GP ( globus palladus ) +putamen

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16
Q

substansia nigra communicates with …

A

caudate and putamen

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17
Q

sub-thalamic nuclei communicates with …

A

globus palladus

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18
Q

Diencephalon

A

thymus
hypothalamus
pineal gland

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19
Q

Thalamus

A

major sensory relay station
spinal cord, brainstem, midbrain to thalamus and then to cerebral hemisphere
Also involved in motor pathway
connections to hypothalamus and limbic system

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20
Q

Pineal gland

A

epithalamus produces melatonin to regulate body clock epithalamus also contains habenular nucleus
-olfactory and emotional response

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21
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Regulation of autonomic nervous system and homeostasis - body temperature, thirst centres, etc
produces hormones
connections to pituitary gland

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22
Q

Midbrain

A

connects pons and medulla to diencephalon

Superior colliculi, Inferior colliculi, Substansia nigra, Red nuclei

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23
Q

Superior colliculi

A

visual tracking, scanning

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24
Q

Inferior colliculi

A

auditory startle reflex

25
Q

Substansia nigra

A

control sub-conscious muscle action

26
Q

Red nuclei

A

co-ordinate muscle movement

27
Q

Pons

A

pontine nuclei = co-ordination and maximising voluntary motor output.
Also tracts such as pneumotaxic which helps to control breathing.
Origin of cranial nerves V, VI, VII and vestibular part VIII

28
Q

Medulla

A 
contains pyramids ( motor tracts); cardiovascular centres 
(rates /force heartbeat and diameter of vessels) breathing centres; nuclei concerned with touch, pressure and vibration.

The olives = proprioception (joint and muscle position)

Origin of cranial nerves IX, X, XI, XII, and cochlear part VIII

29
Q

Cerebellum

A

vermis between lobes
controls subconscious aspect of skeletal muscles movements and co-ordinates complex sequences

Regulate posture and balance

30
Q

Superior cerebellar peduncle =

A

midbrain to cerebellum

31
Q

Middle cerebellar peduncle =

A

pons to cerebellum

32
Q

Inferior cerebellar peduncle =

A

medulla to cerebellum

33
Q

Pituitary

A

sits in sella turcica
release growth hormone
release follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH)- reproductive cycle

34
Q

Circle of Willis

A

see pp

35
Q

Pia mater

A

innermost layer, sticks to surface of neural tissue

36
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

middle layer, fine “spiderweb”

connective tissue

37
Q

Dura mater

A

outermost tough connective tissue sheath

38
Q

Where is CSF found?

A

The sub-arachnoid space, lies between pia and the arachnoid. It contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

39
Q

What is the function of the dura?

A

The dura lines the skull, protects the brain and forms the dural venous sinuses.

40
Q

What is the function of the arachnoid?

A

Covers the surface of the brain and carries the blood vessels.

41
Q

What is the function of the pia?

A

Pia adheres to the surface of the brain, going into the sulcus and around the gyri

42
Q

blood supply to meniniges?

A

Anterior meningeal artery
Middle meningeal artery
Posterior meningeal artery

43
Q

Anterior meningeal artery

A

From the ethmoid branches of the internal carotid supplies the dura of the anterior fossa

44
Q

Middle meningeal artery

A

from the maxillary artery passes through the foramen spinosum to supply the dura with blood.
It is a major vessel supply the dura and if damaged will lead to an extra- dural hematoma (compressed brain)

45
Q

Posterior meningeal artery

A

from the occipital artery supplies the dura of the posterior fossa

46
Q

Nerve supply dura

A

Anterior meningeal branches of ethmoidal nerve ( CN V1)
Meningeal branch of maxillary nerve ( CN V2)
Meningeal branches of mandibular nerve ( CN V3)

Tentorial nerve (recurrent meningeal branch of ophthalmic branch nerve- CN V1 )

47
Q

Dural venous sinus

A 
Inferior sagittal 
Superior sagittal 
Straight sinus 
Confluence 
Cavernous 
Sigmoid 
Transverse
Internal jugular vein 
Superior petrosal

Drain blood from brain and channel it into the internal jugular vein

48
Q

Where are the dural venous sinuses formed

A

formed either between the periosteum of the skull and the dura (e.g sigmoid sinus)
or
between two layers of dura (eg inferiori sagittal)

49
Q

Possible route of infection which leads to bacterial meningitis…

A

Communications between emissary veins of scalp and superior sagittal sinus, between cavernous sinus and facial / inferior orbital veins

50
Q

Ventricles of brain:

A

lateral ventricle (x2)
3rd ventricle
4th ventricle

51
Q

Lateral ventricle

A

one in each hemisphere

52
Q

3rd Ventricle

A

inside the thalamus connected to the lateral ventricles by the interventricular foramina of Munro

53
Q

4th Ventricle

A 
connects the sub- arachnoid space via the lateral (x2)
and medial (x1) apertures and is connected to the central canal of the spinal cord
54
Q

cerebral aqueduct

A

runs through the midbrain to connect the 3rd and 4th ventricles

55
Q

CSF function

A

provides mechanical and physical protection to the brain and spinal cord

It circulates through the ventricles and into the sub- arachnoid space. Constantly recycling by loss through arachnoid villi (granulations), into the dural venous sinuses.

56
Q

Chorda plexus

A

hanging down from roof of lateral ventricle

57
Q

What filters blood plasma to make CSF

A

ependymal cells

58
Q

Where is the choroid plexi found?

A

found in lateral, 3rd and 4th ventricles

Anatomy wk 7 -11 (8 decks)

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