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Anatomy wk 7 -11 > The brain > Flashcards

The brain Flashcards

1
Q

General features of the brain

A 
Frontal 
Parietal 
Occipital 
Temporal 
Cerebellum
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2
Q

central sulcus

A

pre central (motor cortex) and post central (sensory cortex) gyri either side of sulcus

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3
Q

Lateral fissure

A

contains middle cerebral artery

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4
Q

Longitudinal fissure

A

contains anterior cerebral artery

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5
Q

sulcus

A

the groove

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6
Q

gyrus

A

the lump

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7
Q

Cerebral hemispheres

A 
Primary motor 
Somatosensory motor 
Werneke's  speech area -recognition 
Visual cortex
Auditory cortex 
Broca's speech area - motor
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8
Q

Medial sagittal section

A 
Cerebral hemispheres
Corpus Callosum 
Hypothalamus
Pons
Medulla Oblogata 
Cerebellum  
Midbrain
Thalmus
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9
Q

Corpus Callosumn

A

white matter tract that connects the cerebral hemisphere

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10
Q

Between gryi of same hemisphere

A

Association tract

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11
Q

From one hemisphere to the corresponding region of the other

A

Commisural tracts/ fibres

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12
Q

From cerebrum to thalamus, brainstem etc

A

Projection fibres

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13
Q

Basal ganglion - coronal section

A 
Choroid plexus 
Internal capsule 
Globus pallidus 
Putamen 
Caudate nucleus
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14
Q

Main action of the basal ganglion

A

regulate initiation and termination of body movements

also thought to be involved in memory, planning and emotional response (via limbic system)

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15
Q

lentiform nucleus =

A

GP ( globus palladus ) +putamen

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16
Q

substansia nigra communicates with …

A

caudate and putamen

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17
Q

sub-thalamic nuclei communicates with …

A

globus palladus

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18
Q

Diencephalon

A

thymus
hypothalamus
pineal gland

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19
Q

Thalamus

A

major sensory relay station
spinal cord, brainstem, midbrain to thalamus and then to cerebral hemisphere
Also involved in motor pathway
connections to hypothalamus and limbic system

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20
Q

Pineal gland

A

epithalamus produces melatonin to regulate body clock epithalamus also contains habenular nucleus
-olfactory and emotional response

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21
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Regulation of autonomic nervous system and homeostasis - body temperature, thirst centres, etc
produces hormones
connections to pituitary gland

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22
Q

Midbrain

A

connects pons and medulla to diencephalon

Superior colliculi, Inferior colliculi, Substansia nigra, Red nuclei

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23
Q

Superior colliculi

A

visual tracking, scanning

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24
Q

Inferior colliculi

A

auditory startle reflex

25
Substansia nigra
control sub-conscious muscle action
26
Red nuclei
co-ordinate muscle movement
27
Pons
pontine nuclei = co-ordination and maximising voluntary motor output. Also tracts such as pneumotaxic which helps to control breathing. Origin of cranial nerves V, VI, VII and vestibular part VIII
28
Medulla
``` contains pyramids ( motor tracts); cardiovascular centres (rates /force heartbeat and diameter of vessels) breathing centres; nuclei concerned with touch, pressure and vibration. ``` The olives = proprioception (joint and muscle position) Origin of cranial nerves IX, X, XI, XII, and cochlear part VIII
29
Cerebellum
vermis between lobes controls subconscious aspect of skeletal muscles movements and co-ordinates complex sequences Regulate posture and balance
30
Superior cerebellar peduncle =
midbrain to cerebellum
31
Middle cerebellar peduncle =
pons to cerebellum
32
Inferior cerebellar peduncle =
medulla to cerebellum
33
Pituitary
sits in sella turcica release growth hormone release follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH)- reproductive cycle
34
Circle of Willis
see pp
35
Pia mater
innermost layer, sticks to surface of neural tissue
36
Arachnoid mater
middle layer, fine "spiderweb" | connective tissue
37
Dura mater
outermost tough connective tissue sheath
38
Where is CSF found?
The sub-arachnoid space, lies between pia and the arachnoid. It contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
39
What is the function of the dura?
The dura lines the skull, protects the brain and forms the dural venous sinuses.
40
What is the function of the arachnoid?
Covers the surface of the brain and carries the blood vessels.
41
What is the function of the pia?
Pia adheres to the surface of the brain, going into the sulcus and around the gyri
42
blood supply to meniniges?
Anterior meningeal artery Middle meningeal artery Posterior meningeal artery
43
Anterior meningeal artery
From the ethmoid branches of the internal carotid supplies the dura of the anterior fossa
44
Middle meningeal artery
from the maxillary artery passes through the foramen spinosum to supply the dura with blood. It is a major vessel supply the dura and if damaged will lead to an extra- dural hematoma (compressed brain)
45
Posterior meningeal artery
from the occipital artery supplies the dura of the posterior fossa
46
Nerve supply dura
Anterior meningeal branches of ethmoidal nerve ( CN V1) Meningeal branch of maxillary nerve ( CN V2) Meningeal branches of mandibular nerve ( CN V3) Tentorial nerve (recurrent meningeal branch of ophthalmic branch nerve- CN V1 )
47
Dural venous sinus
``` Inferior sagittal Superior sagittal Straight sinus Confluence Cavernous Sigmoid Transverse Internal jugular vein Superior petrosal ``` Drain blood from brain and channel it into the internal jugular vein
48
Where are the dural venous sinuses formed
formed either between the periosteum of the skull and the dura (e.g sigmoid sinus) or between two layers of dura (eg inferiori sagittal)
49
Possible route of infection which leads to bacterial meningitis...
Communications between emissary veins of scalp and superior sagittal sinus, between cavernous sinus and facial / inferior orbital veins
50
Ventricles of brain:
lateral ventricle (x2) 3rd ventricle 4th ventricle
51
Lateral ventricle
one in each hemisphere
52
3rd Ventricle
inside the thalamus connected to the lateral ventricles by the interventricular foramina of Munro
53
4th Ventricle
``` connects the sub- arachnoid space via the lateral (x2) and medial (x1) apertures and is connected to the central canal of the spinal cord ```
54
cerebral aqueduct
runs through the midbrain to connect the 3rd and 4th ventricles
55
CSF function
provides mechanical and physical protection to the brain and spinal cord It circulates through the ventricles and into the sub- arachnoid space. Constantly recycling by loss through arachnoid villi (granulations), into the dural venous sinuses.
56
Chorda plexus
hanging down from roof of lateral ventricle
57
What filters blood plasma to make CSF
ependymal cells
58
Where is the choroid plexi found?
found in lateral, 3rd and 4th ventricles

Anatomy wk 7 -11 (8 decks)

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