Anterior Traingle of the neck

Question 1

How many triangles is the neck split into?

Answer 1

2

Question 2

What are the names of the triangles of the neck?

Answer 2

Posterior and Anterior triangle

Question 3

What divides the anterior from the posterior triangle?

Answer 3

Sternocleiodomastoid

Question 4

Boundaries of the anterior triangle?

Answer 4

Anterior border = imaginary midline of the neck
Posterior border= anterior border of SCM
Base= mandible

Question 5

Divisions of anterior triangle

Answer 5

Sub-mental
Sub- mandibular
Carotid
Muscular

Question 6

Sub- mental triangle -

Answer 6

submental lymph nodes

begining of anterior jugular vein

Question 7

Sub mandibular

Answer 7

submandibular salivary gland 
lymph nodes
facial artery and vein 
carotid sheath 
hypoglossal nerve etc

Question 8

Carotid

Answer 8

carotid sheath, branches of external carotid artery, internal jugular vein, hypoglossal, accessory and vagus nerve etc

Question 9

Muscular

Answer 9

sternohyoid and sternothyroid to form the floor beneath which lies the thyroid gland. larynx, trachea and oesophagus

Question 10

Fascia

Answer 10

superficial cervical fascia

deep cervical fascia

Question 11

Superficial cervical fascia

Answer 11

This layer lies over the platysma muscle

Question 12

Deep cervical fascia

Answer 12

Deep cervical fascia subdivided into 3 layers

Question 13

3 layers of deep cervical fascia

Answer 13

Pretracheal layer
Alar fascia and carotid sheath
Prevertebral layer

Question 14

Platysma

Answer 14

From fascia above pectoralis major and clavicle to lateral neck and onto mandible > very variable

Question 15

Which nerve innervates platysma

Answer 15

Facial nerve - CN VII

Question 16

Veins of triangle of neck

Answer 16

External jugular vein anterior to SCM (post triangle)
Internal jugular vein posterior to SCM (ant triangle)
Anterior jugular vein midline, may be absent

Question 17

Cervical plexus

Answer 17

Anterior rami C 1-4
joined into loops that lie anterior to levator scapulae and scalenus medius
Covered by pre- vertebral layer of deep cervical fascia
Somatic motor and sensory (plus sympathetic)

Question 18

Hypoid is split into two regions

Answer 18

Suprahyoid and Infrahyoid

Question 19

Suprahyoid

Answer 19

between hyoid bone and skull or mandible

Question 20

Infrahyoid

Answer 20

between hyoid bone and sternum or thyroid cartilage

Question 21

Suprahyoid muscles

Answer 21

Digastric, mylohyoid, stylohyoid and geniohyoid

Question 22

What is the function of the suprahyoid muscles

Answer 22

Raise hyoid bone or depress mandible ( mylohyoid and digastric)

Question 23

Nerves which innervate suprahyoid muscles

Answer 23

Facial nerve - posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid

Mandibular division of trigeminal CNV3 - anterior belly of digastric and mylohyoid

Question 24

Geniohyoid

Answer 24

deep to mylohyoid

innervated by C1 via hypoglossal CN XII

Question 25

Infrahyoid muscles

Answer 25

Omohyoid Thyrohyoid Sternohyoid Sternothyroid

Question 26

Nerves which innervate infrahyoid muscles

Answer 26

Ans cervicalis | Thyrohyoid is innervated by C1 via hypoglossal CN XII

Question 27

Where is the LCA from

Answer 27

Arch of aorta

Question 28

Where is RCA from

Answer 28

Brachiocephalic

Question 29

Internal carotid goes to

Answer 29

brain

Question 30

External carotid goes to

Answer 30

head, face and neck

Question 31

what is within the carotid sheath

Answer 31

common carotid artery ( bifurcates into internal and external artery) internal jugular Vagus nerve

Question 32

3 anterior branches of the external carotid artery

Answer 32

Superior thyroid artery Lingual artery Facial artery

Question 33

Vagus Nerve

Answer 33

CN X Descends in the carotid sheath Recurrent laryngeal branch to muscles of larynx L around arch of aorta and R around subclavian artery Internal and external laryngeal branches Throughout thoracic inlet into superior mediastinum parasympathetic to thorax and abdomen

Question 34

What type of gland is the thyroid gland

Answer 34

Endocrine

Question 35

How many lobes does the thyroid gland have?

Answer 35

2

Question 36

Isthmus of thyroid gland

Answer 36

the region of the thryoid gland which connects the two lobe and is over tracheal ring 2 or 3

Question 37

Where are the parathyroid glands located

Answer 37

embedded into the posterior surface of the thyroid

Question 38

Arterial supply of superior thyroid

Answer 38

First anterior branch of external carotid artery ( superior thyroid artery)

Question 39

Arterial supply of inferior thyroid

Answer 39

Branch of thyrocervical trunk of subclavian artery

Question 40

Venous drainage of L and R inferior thyroid veins

Answer 40

Drain into left brachiocephalic vein

Question 41

Venous drainage of superior and middle thyroid vein

Answer 41

Internal jugular vein

Question 42

submandibular salivary gland

Answer 42

inferior to mylohyoid, plus part in floor of mouth superior to mylohyoid One duct on each side opens between first and second lower incisor CN VII (facial nerve)

Question 43

Thoracic duct

Answer 43

Thoracic duct joins venous system in neck | Many local lymph nodes drain head and neck