The Brain Flashcards
meninges
coverings of the brain that lie immediately internal to cranium
layers of meninges
- dura mater 2. arachnoid mater 3. pia mater
functions of the meninges
- protection 2. forms a supporting network for arteries, veins, and venous sinuses 3. enclose a fluid-filled cavity; subarachnoid
dura mater layers
- periosteal layer - meningeal layer
arachnoid layer covers:
blood vessels on external surface of brain
pia mater
layer of meninges that runs with gyri and sulcus of the cerebrum
leptomeninges
where pia mater and arachnoid mater are closely associated
components of brain
- cerebrum
- cerebellum
- medulla oblongata
- pons
- hypothalamus
- subthalamus
- thalamus
- colliculi
part of brainstem
- medulla oblongata
- pons
- midbrain
functions of brainstem
connects brain to spinal cord
cranial nerves that enter/exit the brain via the brainstem
all but two cranial nerves
exceptions: I and II
most inferior brain component
medulla oblongata
functions of medulla oblongata
- connection pathway for acending and descending nerve fibers
- control center for vital organs (respiration, heart rate)
- center for protective reflexes (cough, sneeze, vomit)
nuclei of which cranial nerves in medulla oblongata?
9 - 12
pons functions
- relay center for fibers going between cerebrum and cerebellum
- sleep and respiratory center
pons contains nucelus of cranial nerve ___
cranial nerve 5
where are nuclei of cranial nerves VI to VIII located?
loctated in the junction between pons and medulla oblongata
midbrain functions
superior colliculi: saccadic eye movement (nystagmus)
inferior colliculi: hearing
composition of midbrain
- 2 superior colliculi
- 2 inferior colliculi
midbrain include nuclei of cranial nerves:
cranial nerves III and IV
reticular formation
- clusters of nuclei scattered throughout the brainstem
- arousing and maintaining consciousness
diencephalon composed of:
- thalamus = (4/5 of mass)
- hypothalamus
- subthalamus
- epithalamus
thalamus function
- all sensory info except olfaction goes through the thalamus to the cerebrum
- agressive and anxious movements
subthalamus function
motor function
smallest region of diencephalon
subthalamus
epithalamus function
- sleep-wake cycle; include pineal gland
- involved in visceral response to certain smells
- onset of puberty
hypothalamus function
- olfactory reflexes
- emotional response to odors
- center for basic drives (food, thirst, sex)
- temperature regulation center
- sleep and dream center
includes mammaillary bodies
cerebrum function
- center for intelligence, critical thinking, major control and interpretive center
regions of cerebrum
- frontal lobe
- temporal lobe
- parietal lobe
- occipital lobe
function of frontal lobe
motivation, mood, aggression
function of temporal lobe
hearing and memory
parietal lobe function
sensory except for hearing, smelling, and vision
occipital lobe function
reception and integration of visual input
cerebellum function
muscular activity coordination center
what empties into dural venous sinuses:
blood from brain and CSF from subarachnoid space
where all the sinunes come together called:
“confluence of sinuses”
confluence of sinuses empty into:
internal jugular vein
cavernous sinus
- large, behind the eyes and danger triangle
- dangerous place for infection
ventricles of brain function
communicating network of cavities filled with CSF
number of ventricles in brain
- 2 lateral ventricles = largest ventricle
- third ventricle
- fourth ventricle
CSF functions
- cushion
- bring nutrients to brian
- remove waste from brain
- buoyancy for brain (brain would otherwise sit on nerves)
