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anatomy exam 3 > Lower Limbs > Flashcards

Lower Limbs Flashcards

1
Q

articulations of tibia

A

superior: condyles of femur

inferior: talus

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2
Q

articulations of fibula

A

superior: tibia

inferior: ASK – not clear

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3
Q

bones of the thigh

A

femur

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4
Q

main function of knee ligaments

A

prevent hyperextension

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5
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of the bursa; can be caused by injury, infection, and exercise

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6
Q

surface anatomy of fibula

A
  • head
  • neck
  • lateral malleolus
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7
Q

gluteal fold

A

where the butt meets the thigh

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8
Q

general function of lower limb

A
  • organ of locomotion
  • weight bearing
  • maintaining balance
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9
Q

spray of vessels at neck of femur

A

branches of femoral artery

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10
Q

line of gravity in the body releative to lower limb

A
  • behind the hip joint
  • in front of hip joint
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11
Q

varicose veins

A

dilated, lengthened, twisted veins

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12
Q

anterior tibial artery serves:

A

serves the anterior elevator muscles

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13
Q

fascia lata

A

membranous layer of fascia that surrounds the thigh muscles

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14
Q

formal name for bruise

A

contusion

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15
Q

what does the buttocks refer to?

A

the gluteal region; posterior prominence on each side of the body; made up of gluteal muscle and CT

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16
Q

problem with varicose veins

A
  • dilation can be a problem because it can lead to pooling
  • issues of edema or muscle cramps
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17
Q

bones of the leg

A

tibia (on medial side) and fibula (on lateral side)

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18
Q

fascia of thigh

A

superficial fascia

  • fatty layer
  • membrane layer
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19
Q

function of fibula

A

muscle attachment site and stabilizes ankle

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20
Q

surface anatomy of tibia

A
  • medial malleolus
  • medial condyle
  • tibial tuberosity <– really important landmark
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21
Q

main movementes of ankle joint

A

dorsiflexion

  • produced by muscles in anterior compartment of leg (i.e. tibialis anterior, ex. hallucis longus, ext. digitorum longus)

plantarflexion

  • produced by muscles in posterior compartment of leg (i.e. gastrocnemius, soleus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum hallucis, tibialis posterior)
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22
Q

interosseus membrane

A

membrane between the tibia and fibula

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23
Q

tibiocondylar cavity

A

located between each femoral condyle and tibia

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24
Q

borders of the thigh

A
  • extends from hip to knee
  • anterior: inguinal ligament to knee
  • posterior: gluteal fold to popliteal fossa
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25
Q

why is there so much stress on the knees?

A

bipedal posture puts a lot of stress on the knees out of virtue of the knees not being located directly beneath the hips and, instead, sitting at an angle to the hips
we have a stability weakness between the hip and knee

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26
Q

role of menisci

A
  1. cushion the knee joint
  2. shock absorption
  3. help distribute body weight
  4. helps to fill the gap between condyles and tibia
  5. evenly distribute synovial fluid
  6. provide some joint stability
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27
Q

patellar hammer reaction – what’s wrong if there’s no reaction

A
  • patellar ligament is what gets hit during a doctor’s visit to check for reaction
  • tests leg extension – the following could be wrong if there’s no reaction
  1. quadricep muscles and femoral nerve
  2. spinal rami: L2, L3, and L4
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28
Q

function of the butt

A
  1. food storage organ during pregnancy
  2. sexual stimuli releaser
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29
Q

charley horse

A

contusion and tearing of muscles; common in the quad

30
Q

bony landmarks of gluteal region (6)

A
  1. iliac crest
  2. ischial spine
  3. anterior superior iliac spine
  4. posterior superior iliac spine
  5. greater sciatic notch
  6. lesser sciatic notch
31
Q

superior and inferior border of gluteal region (buttocks)

A

superior border: iliac crest

inferior border: inferior border of gluteus maximus

32
Q

compartment

A

compartment is a group of muscles with similar functions

33
Q

cavities of the knee joint

A
  • 2 tibiocondylar cavities
  • 1 subpatellar cavity
34
Q

small saphneous vein dumps into ___

A

popliteal vein

35
Q

bursa

A

fluid-filled sac; lined by synovial membrane and filled with synovial fluid

36
Q

when do femoral artery and vein become popliteal artery and vein?

A

at the back of the thigh after the popliteal region

37
Q

vessels of the thigh (that we need to know)

A
  • femoral artery and vein
  • great saphneous vein
  • small saphneous vein
38
Q

path: femoral vein to heart

A

femoral vein

external iliac vein

common iliac vein

inferior vena cava

heart

39
Q

great saphneous vein starts at ___ and empties into ___

A
  • empties into femoral vein
  • starts at medial malleus of tibia
40
Q

depressor

A

muscle that draws a body part down

41
Q

subpatellar cavity

A

located between patella and front of femur

42
Q

what does peroneal artery serve?

A

serves soleus, tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus (depressor muscles that arise from the fibula)

43
Q

ligaments of the knee

A
  1. medial (tibial) collateral (MCL)
  2. lateral (fibular) collateral (LCL)
  3. anterior cruciate (ACL)
  4. posterio cruciate (PCL)
44
Q

knee joint superlatives

A

one of the largest, most superficial and least stable joints in the body

45
Q

what is buttocks made of?

A

“fat storage bodies at the top of your thigh
lumps of subcutaneous fascia filled with dense connective tissue”

46
Q

vessels of the leg

A
  • anterior tibial artery
  • peroneal artery
  • posterior tibial artery
  • popliteal artery
47
Q

visual of artery branching in leg

A
48
Q

If you paralyze your quads could you walk and stand?

A
  • coud walk with legs straight
  • could stand with knee hyperextended
49
Q

path: dorsal aorta to femoral artery

A

dorsal aorta

common iliac

external iliac

femoral artery

50
Q

causes of varicose veins

A
  • genetics
  • pregnancy (increased pressure so blood can’t get back)
  • obesity (too much pressure, blood can’t get back)
  • abdominal tumor
51
Q

nerve supply to lower limb

A

lumbar plexus

  • origins: L1 - L4
  • ventral rami

sacral plexus:

  • origins: L4, L5, S1-S4
  • ventral rami
52
Q

menisci

A

c-shaped fibrocartilaginous discs attached to superior aspect of tibia

53
Q

PCL

A

posterior cruciate ligament

prevent anterior displacement of femur

originates at the intercondylar fossa

54
Q

human stance

A

bidpedal stance

55
Q

back of the knee is calle:

A

the popliteal fossa

56
Q

anterior thigh muscles

A
  • sartorius
  • tensor fascia lata
  • quadriceps femurs (technically single muscle with four heads)
57
Q

MCL

A

medial/tibial collateral ligament

extends from medial epicondyle of femur to tibia

prevent medial displacement of the femur and hyperextension

58
Q

IT band

A

IT = iliotibial tract
anterior superior iliac spine to lateral condyle of tibia
lateral thickening of the fascia lata

59
Q

function of tibia

A

supports most of the body’s weight (2nd largest bone in the body)

60
Q

how does knee joint get its strength and stability?

A

relies on ligaments

61
Q

what is a ventral ramus?

A

from wikipedia: The ventral ramus (pl. rami) (Latin for branch) (ventral ramus), is the anterior division of a spinal nerve. Theventral rami supply the antero-lateral parts of the trunk and the limbs.

62
Q

diarthrosis

A

synovial joint; highly mobile joint

63
Q

LCL

A

lateral/fibular collateral ligament

extends from lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fibula

prevents lateral displacement of femur and hyperextension

64
Q

ACL

A

anterior cruciate ligament

prevents posterior displacement of femur

originates at intercondylar fossa

65
Q

major components of lower limb

A
  1. pelvic girdle
  2. thigh
  3. leg
  4. foot
66
Q

what does posterior tibial artery serve?

A

gastrocnemius, flexor digitorum longus

67
Q

superlatives of gluteus maximus

A

largest, heaviest, most coarsely fibered muscle in the body

68
Q

flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus relation to one another

A

these muscles cross over one another; from the medial and lateral aspect they originate opposite to how they insert

69
Q

entire knee joint covered by _____ (except articular cartilage and mensa)

A

synovial membrane

70
Q

“peronal”

A

refers to the fibula

anatomy exam 3 (9 decks)

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