The Brain Flashcards
Descirbe the brainstem
- Sensorimotor coordination
- Includes the midbrain, pons, and medulla
Describe the reticular formation
- Level of arousal
- Sensory input & motor behavior
- Posture & locamotion
Describe the cerebellum
- Posture
- Balance
- Coordinating automatic movements
Describe the thalamus
- Relay hub for sensory info (except smell)
- Learning/memory
- Cortical arousal
Describe the amygdala
- Threat assessment center
- Connects emotion to memory
Describe the hippocampus
- Memory formation/retrieval
Describe the hypothalamus
- Fight/flight/freeze
- Homeostasis
Describe the basal ganglia
- Includes the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, & sub thalamus
- Initiation of voluntary movement
- Memory formation & related skills, habits, & routinized behaviors
Describe the cerebral cortex
- Right hemisphere: visual spatial formation & attention
- Left hemisphere: language & skilled movement
Describe the occipital lobe
- Visual processing neurons
Describe the temporal lobe
- Auditory processing neurons
- Object recognition
- Long term memory
Describe the parietal lobe
- Touch
- Temperature
- Proprioception
Describe the frontal lobe
- Process
- Plan for & respond to challenges (problem solving)/movement
Describe the prefrontal cortex
- Coordinates every function of the brain
- Highest order of processing
What are the 3 major functions of the cerebral cortex
- Sensation: concrete experience
- Integration: reflective observation & abstract conceptualization
- Motion: active experimentation
what are the steps in memory formation
- Sensory info
- Encoding: working/short-term memory
- Consolidation: storage, long-term memory
- Retrieval: recall
Moving info from short to long-term memory requires further processing of the data
- Active manipulation
- Reflection
List some learning strategies
- Rehearsal/elaboration
- Recruiting multiple memory pathways: visual, auditory, kinesthetic
- Emotion
- Attention and arousal: changing your voice/volume, location, direct address
- Context, relevance, personal meaning: facilitates buy-in
- Linking to prior knowledge and experience
What are the 2 types of learning
- Declarative
- Non-declarative
Describe declarative memory
- Explicit memory
- Semantic: factual info, can speak or write about it, recall info not related to a specific event
- Episodic: remember when & where we learned certain info, more complex form oof memory
- Strategy: elaboration, elaborative rehearsal
Describe non-declarative memory
- Implicit memory
- Procedural: skills & habits, basis for motor learning & how we teach movement, needs repetition & practice over long period, less likely to be forgotten
- Emotional: associated with positive/negative arousal
- Strategy: rehearsal, repetition
Describe the relationship between aging and memory
- Older adults need more time to process info
- Short term memory may be limited
- Use personally relevant activities & tie these activities to exercise
- Minimize distractions
- Utilize emotion to enhance learning
List the strategies for enhancing memory formation
- Rehearsal & elaboration
- Creating context/linking info to prior knowledge
- Recruiting multiple memory pathways
- Active learning strategies
Describe rehearsal & elaboration
- Mnemonics
- Group discussions/debriefing
- Reciprocal teaching (patient to caregiver)
Describe creating context/linking info to prior knowledge
- Use concrete examples
- Creating authentic real world experiences
- Standardized patients/simulations
- Assisting students/patients in seeing relevance in information
Describe recruiting multiple memory pathways
- Visual aids in addition to auditory information
- Practicing steps with lab partners
- Active reflection (how is the treatment with one patient different from another and why)
List active learning strategies
- Hands-on learning
- Reflection
- Discussion
