the brain

Question 1

what percentage of oxygen consumption does the brain need?

Answer 1

~20%

Question 2

how long (without oxygen) before the brain suffers permanent damage?

Answer 2

4 minutes

Question 3

other than oxygen what else does the brain need constantly?

Answer 3

glucose

Question 4

what substance helps protect the brain?

Answer 4

the blood brain barrier

Question 5

what does the blood-brain barrier allow into the brain?

Answer 5

O2
CO2
alcohol
anaesthetic agents

Question 6

what does the blood-barrier do?

Answer 6

controls the entry of materials

Question 7

what are the parts to the brain stem

Answer 7

medulla
oblongata
pons
midbrain

Question 8

where is the medulla oblongata in the brain?

Answer 8

inferior/lower part of the brainstem

Question 9

what is the medulla oblongata made up of?

Answer 9

white matter expending between spinal cord & other parts of the brain

Question 9

where is the brain stem at?

Answer 9

continuous with spinal cord

Question 10

does it contain nuclei/clusters of cell bodies

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

how many vital reflex centres are there in the medulla?

Answer 11

3

Question 12

what are the three vital reflex centres

Answer 12

cardiovascular centre (heart rate)
medullary rhythmicity area (respiratory rhythm)
vasomotor (vasoconstriction)

Question 13

anything else? in the medulla

Answer 13

has other sensory & reflex motor areas
-sneezing, coughing & vomiting

Question 14

where is the brain stem - pons located

Answer 14

above/superior to the medulla oblongata

Question 15

how does Pons connect within the brain?

Answer 15

connects the spinal cord with the brain
links one part of the brain with another by way of tracts/groups of nerve-axons

Question 16

which one of the brain stems have the nerve tract cross?

Answer 16

Pons

Question 17

what is the nerve tract cross

Answer 17

nerves supplying left side of the body cross to right side of the brain and right side of the body to left side of brain

Question 18

what does the midbrain do?

Answer 18

connects pons to the diencephalon
conveys motor impulses from cerebrum to the cerebellum and spinal cord
contains the substantia nigra
conveys sensory impulses from spinal cord to thalamus

Question 19

what is the substantia nigra

Answer 19

areas affected by parkinson’s disease
-dopamine

Question 20

where is the diencephalon located in the brain

Answer 20

above the brain stem

Question 21

what is included in the diencephalon

Answer 21

thalamus
hypothalamus
pineal gland

Question 22

what does the thalamus do?

Answer 22

critical relay for sensory input
transmits motor info from cerebellum & basal nuclei to cerebrum

Question 23

how many different things can hypothalamus do?

Answer 23

6

Question 24

what can hypothalamus do?

Answer 24

control of ANS-regulation of many activities control of pituitary and hormone production regulation of emotional & behavior patterns regulation of eating & drinking control of body temperature regulation of circadian rhythms & states of consciousness

Question 25

what does the pineal gland do?

Answer 25

secretes melatonin which promotes sleep

Question 26

where is the cerebrum located?

Answer 26

the top and largest part

Question 27

what is the surface covered in (cerebrum)

Answer 27

grey matter (cortex) beneath is cerebral white matter

Question 28

how many parts is there to the cerebrum

Answer 28

4

Question 29

name the parts included in cerebrum

Answer 29

cerebral cortex internal white matter grooves longitudinal fissure

Question 30

what is the cerebral cortex do in the cerebrum?

Answer 30

the grey matter/cell bodies

Question 31

what is the internal white matter in the cerebrum?

Answer 31

its the surface folds gyri-gyrus (singular)

Question 32

what are the grooves in the cerebrum called?

Answer 32

sulci-sulcus

Question 33

what does the longitudinal fissure do in the cerebrum

Answer 33

divides it into left & right hemispheres

Question 34

what does the verebrum connect to?

Answer 34

corpus callosum

Question 35

if the brain receives an input from the left side where does it send its output?

Answer 35

to the right side of the body

Question 36

what side of the brain is involved with spoken & written language, numerical & scientific skills

Answer 36

left side of cerebrum

Question 37

what does the right side of the cerebrum deal with?

Answer 37

spatial and patter recognition and emotional content

Question 38

where is the cerebellum located

Answer 38

back of brain stem

Question 39

what is the meaning behind cerebellum?

Answer 39

little brain

Question 40

how many cerebellar hemispheres are there

Answer 40

two

Question 41

where are the two cerebellar hemispheres located

Answer 41

posterior to medulla and pons below cerebrum

Question 42

what is the cerebellar cortex made from

Answer 42

grey matter

Question 43

what is the interior made from

Answer 43

white matter nuclei

Question 44

what does it cerebellum attach to

Answer 44

attached to brain stem via cerebellar peduncles

Question 45

what are cerebellums functions?

Answer 45

sensory input co-ordinates skeletal muscle functions noticeable after excessive alcohol intake

Question 46

what does the cerebellum co-ordinate in skeletal muscle

Answer 46

maintenance of normal muscle tone regulates posture and balance

Question 47

when is the brain most likely to develop?

Answer 47

first few years of life

Question 48

when does the brain start to decline in brain mass

Answer 48

from early adulthood onwards