cells structure and function Flashcards

1
Q

what does a plasma membrane have

A

has a outer lipid layer
covers and contains all contents of the cells

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2
Q

what does the cytoplasm do

A

contains all the dissolved nutrients

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3
Q

what does the nucleus do

A

brain of the cell
contains all DNA
round or oval shape

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4
Q

what is in the cell membrane

A

Phospholipid bilayer
Cholesterol
Proteins
Attached carbohydrates

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5
Q

name some membrane functions

A

barrier between inside and out
controls material
receives signals
transmits signals

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6
Q

name the body fluid pools

A

Intracellular (ICF)
2/3 of total
Extracellular (ECF) ->

Between cells = Interstitial
In blood vessels = Plasma
In lymphatic vessels = Lymphatic

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7
Q

name some membrane transport mechanisms

A

Simple Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Osmosis
Active Transport
Transport in vesicles

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8
Q

requirements for simple diffusion

A

conc gradient of solute
can diffuse across a membrane
if charged must go through channels (gated channels)

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9
Q

what happens in facilitated diffusion

A

Requires a carrier in membrane
Only goes down concentration gradient
Saturates = maximum speed
Maximum speed dependent on carrier number

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10
Q

what is osmosis

A

Diffusion of water
Must have a semi-permeable membrane

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11
Q

what is active transport

A

Requires a carrier
Requires energy (ATP)
Can transport up a concentration gradient (low to high)
Critical for moving important ions
Major active transport in most cells =
Sodium-potassium (Na+/K+) pump

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12
Q

what is transport in vesicles

A

Requires energy
Involves small membrane sac
Endocytosis - importing materials
Exocytosis- exporting materials

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13
Q

what is a cytoplams

A

Cell contents
Includes organelles and cytosol
Excludes nucleus

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14
Q

what is a cytoskeleton

A

Maintains the shape of cell
Locates and transports organelles
Changes cell shape
Includes: microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules

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15
Q

what is a centrosome

A

Centriole
Pericentriolar material

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16
Q

Cilia and flagella

A

Specialised for motion
Flagella- single
Cilia in groups
Found in respiratory system - move mucous

17
Q

ribosomes

A

Sites of protein synthesis
Made up of Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and
Ribosomal Proteins
Can be attached to endoplasmic reticulum or free in cytosol

18
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Synthesis and intracellular transport
Lipid synthesis – smooth E.R.
Protein synthesis- rough E.R.
Protein modification
Transport of molecules around the cell

19
Q

Golgi Complex

A

Modify and package proteins e.g. lipoproteins and glycoproteins
Some packaged into vesicles=>
Lysosomes or export by exocytosis

20
Q

mitochondrial function

A

Energy (ATP) production
Oxygen is consumed and nutrients are “burned” oxidised.