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Anatomy Exam 2 > The Brain > Flashcards

The Brain Flashcards

1
Q

Where the brainstem attaches to, deep inside cerebral hemispheres

A

Diencephalon

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2
Q

What are the 3 parts of the brainstem?

A

Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

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3
Q

At the 4th week of development, what are the name of the 3 vesicles?

A

Prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon

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4
Q

At the 5th week of development, what are the new names of the vesicles?

A

-prosencephalon gives to telencephalon and diencephalon
-mesencephalon retains the name mesencephalon
-rhombencephalon gives rise to metencephalon and mylencephalon

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5
Q

What separates the right and left parts of the cerebrum?

A

Longitudinal fissure

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6
Q

What’s the function of the cerebrum?

A

-location of conscious thought and complex intellectual function
-house the centers of reasoning as well as memories

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7
Q

What two things increase surface area on the cerebrum?

A

Gyri (hills) and sulci (valleys)

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8
Q

What two structures protect the brain and spinal cord?

A

Bone and meninges

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9
Q

-type of meninge
-a thin layer of connective tissue that adheres to the brain
-deepest

A

Pia mater

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10
Q

-type of meninge
-superficial to pia mater
-thin layer between pia mater and dura mater

A

Arachnoid mater

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11
Q

-type of meninge
-composed of 2 layers (periosteal and meningeal)
-connects to the skull

A

Dura mater

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12
Q

-formed by meningeal layer of dura mater
-runs between left and right cerebral hemispheres
-protects brain from excessive side movement

A

Falx cerebri

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13
Q

What do the dural venous sinuses do?

A

-helps drain blood and deliver it to internal jugular veins

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14
Q

-type of sinus
-located in superior edge of falx cerebri
-collects blood from brain and empties it into the confluence of sinuses

A

Superior sagittal sinus

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15
Q

-type of sinus
-located in posterior of skull
-receives blood from superior sagittal and straight sinuses

A

Confluence of sinuses

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16
Q

C-shaped ventricle within the cerebral hemispheres

A

Lateral ventricle

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17
Q

Slit-like ventricle between left and right diencephalon

A

3rd ventricle

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18
Q

Diamond shaped-ventricle between brainstem and cerebellum

A

4th ventricle

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19
Q

Connection between lateral ventricles and 3rd ventricle

A

Interventricular foramina

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20
Q

Connection (through midbrain) between 3rd and 4th ventricle

A

Mesencephalic aqueduct

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21
Q

Narrow canal through center of spinal cord

A

Central canal

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22
Q

Openings in 4th ventricle that allow CSF to flow into subarachnoid space

A

Apertures

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23
Q

What produces CSF?

A

Choroid plexus

24
Q

One way valves that allow CSF to enter but not blood into the subarachnoid space

A

Arachnoid villi

25
Q

Sucus that divides frontal and parietal lobes

A

Central sucus

26
Q

Sucus that is located between parietal and occipital lobes

A

Parieto-occipital sucus

27
Q

Helps to define the temporal lobe

A

Lateral fissure

28
Q

Lies deep to lateral sucus

A

Insula

29
Q

Controls skeletal muscle activity on the opposite side of the body

A

Precentral gyrus

30
Q

Allows one to speak and wrtie so others can understand

A

Broca’s area

31
Q

Receives sensation from skin on opposite side of body

A

Postcentral gyrus

32
Q

Allows one to understand written and spoken language

A

Wernicke’s area

33
Q

Processes incoming visual info

A

Primary visual cortex

34
Q

Provides for conscious awareness of smells

A

Primary olfactory cortex

35
Q

Receives and processes auditory info

A

Primary auditory cortex

36
Q

What is the left side of the brain associated with?

A

Language, math, and reasoning

37
Q

What is the right side of the brain associated with?

A

Imagination, artistic ability, and insight

38
Q

A bundle of axons

A

Tracts

39
Q

Tract that interconnects different regions of the same hemisphere

A

Association tracts

40
Q

Tract that interconnects two hemispheres

A

Commissural tracts

41
Q

Tract that links the brainstem and spinal cord

A

Projection tracts

42
Q

Largest commissural tract

A

Corpus callosum

43
Q

What are the 3 parts of the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus

44
Q

What does the thalamus do?

A

Processes info about the senses (except for olfaction)

45
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A

Produces the hormone that controls body temperature, heart rate, and hunger

46
Q

What does the epithalamus do?

A

Houses the pineal gland, which secretes melatonin

47
Q

-attached to the hypothalamus
-regulates growth and metabolism

A

Pituitary gland

48
Q

Superior part of brainstem

A

Midbrain

49
Q

-on posterior midbrain
-help visually track moving objects

A

Superior colliculi

50
Q

-on posterior midbrain
-help orient senses to sound

A

Inferior colliculi

51
Q

Made up of superior and inferior colliculi, part of midbrain

A

Corpora quadrigemina

52
Q

-part of basal ganglia
-helps produce dopamine

A

Substantia nigra

53
Q

What do dopaminergic neurons do?

A

Play a role in executive functions, motor control, mood and motivation

54
Q

-middle part of the brainstem
-has strong connections to cerebellum for relaying copies of motor commands from cerebrum

A

Pons

55
Q

-inferior part of brainstem
-contains both a cardiac and respiratory center

A

Medulla oblongata

56
Q

-attached to the back of the brainstem
-helps regulate a wide range of functions and processes in both the brain and body (like balance)

A

Cerebellum

Anatomy Exam 2 (4 decks)

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