Spinal Cord and Nerves

Question 1

-the link between the brain and the rest of the body
-ends at L1 of vertebral column as conus medullaris

Answer 1

Spinal cord

Question 2

-type of neuron
-cell body has a single process attached
-single process divides into peripheral and central processes

Answer 2

Unipolar neurons

Question 3

What does the peripheral process of the unipolar neurons do?

Answer 3

Carries sensation from skin to cell body

Question 4

What does the central process of the unipolar neurons do?

Answer 4

Carries info away from cell body to spinal cord

Question 5

-type of neuron
-have a single axon and multiple dendritic processes

Answer 5

Multipolar neurons

Question 6

-type of neuron
-afferents
-carry sensation from the skin to CNS
-type unipolar neurons
-cell bodies form ganglia
-central processes enter spinal cord

Answer 6

Sensory neurons

Question 7

-type of neuron
-efferents
-deliver impulses to muscles and glands
-type of multipolar neurons
-cell bodies are in spinal cord and their axons project out to their targets

Answer 7

Motor neurons

Question 8

-type of neuron
-association neurons
-type of multipolar neurons
-receive info from sensory neurons and decide what to do with it

Answer 8

Interneurons

Question 9

What does gray matter mostly contain?

Answer 9

Cell bodies of neurons

Question 10

What does white matter mostly contain?

Answer 10

Myelinated axons of neurons

Question 11

What makes up the dorsal horns?

Answer 11

Cell bodies of interneurons

Question 12

What makes up the ventral horns?

Answer 12

Cell bodies of motor neurons

Question 13

What makes up the dorsal root ganglia?

Answer 13

Clusters of cell bodies of unipolar neurons

Question 14

What makes up the dorsal roots?

Answer 14

Central processes of unipolar neurons

Question 15

What make up the ventral roots?

Answer 15

Axons of motor neurons in ventral horns

Question 16

What is a spinal nerve?

Answer 16

Where dorsal roots and ventral roots join

Question 17

End of spinal cord, located at level of L1 vertebrae

Answer 17

Conus medullaris

Question 18

Hangs off end of spinal cord, collection of dorsal and ventral roots

Answer 18

Cauda equina

Question 19

Type of motor response that occurs as the result of some type of sensory stimulus that takes place without conscious control

Answer 19

Reflex

Question 20

-simplest type of reflex
-involves a sensory neuron synapsing with a motor neuron
-initiated by a quick stretch of a skeletal muscle

Answer 20

Monosynaptic reflex

Question 21

-type of reflex
-involves all 3 neurons in series

Answer 21

Polysynaptic reflex

Question 22

Joining of spinal nerves to form nerves comprised of more than one level of the spinal cord

Answer 22

Nerve plexus

Question 23

-type of plexus
-innervate the skeletal muscles of upper extremity and carries sensation from skin of upper extremity

Answer 23

Brachial plexus

Question 24

-type of plexus
-delivers motor to and sensory from the lower extremity

Answer 24

Lumbosacral plexus

Question 25

What’s the order of organization of the brachial plexus?

Answer 25

Root -> trunks -> cords -> nerves/branches -> all together

Question 26

-nerve of upper extremity
-motor to deltoid and teres minor
-sensation from skin of lateral shoulder
-damage to shoulder abduction and external rotation

Answer 26

Axillary nerve

Question 27

-nerve of upper extremity
-motor to biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, and brachialis
-sensation from skin of lateral forearm
-damage to elbow flexion and supination

Answer 27

Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 28

-nerve of upper extremity
-motor to triceps, anconeus, brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longusm extensor digitorum, extensor carpi ulnaris, supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis
-sensation from skin of posterior arm, forearm, and hand
-damage to extension of elbow, wrists and fingers, supination

Answer 28

Radial nerve

Question 29

-nerve of upper extremity
-motor to pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, pronator quadratus, thenar muscles, and 2 lumbricals
-sensation from skin of lateral palm, thumb, index finger, middle finger, and 1/2 of ring finger
-damage to flexion of wrist and fingers, pronation

Answer 29

Median nerve

Question 30

-nerve of upper extremity
-motor to flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum profundus, hypothenar muscles, interossei, and 2 lumbricals
-sensation from skin of medial palm, little finger, and 1/2 of ring finger
-damage to abduction and adduction of fingers

Answer 30

Ulnar nerve

Question 31

-nerve of lower extremity
-motor to iliopsoas and quadriceps femoris muscles
-sensation from skin of anterior thigh, medial leg
-damage to flexion of thigh and extension of leg

Answer 31

Femoral nerve

Question 32

-nerve of lower extremity
-motor to adductor longus brevis, magnus, and gracilis
-sensation from skin of superior medial thigh
-damage to abduction of thigh

Answer 32

Obturator nerve

Question 33

-nerve of lower extremity
-motor to tibial nerve and common fibular nerve joined by connective tissue

Answer 33

Sciatic nerve

Question 34

-nerve of lower extremity
-motor to long head of biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gastrocnemius, soleus, flexor hallucis longus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and muscles of the foot
-sensation from skin of the sole of the foot
-damage to extension of thigh, flexion of leg, plantar flexion of foot, flexion of toes

Answer 34

Tibial nerve

Question 35

-nerve of lower extremity
-motor to short head of biceps femoris
-distal to the knee

Answer 35

Common fibular nerve

Question 36

-nerve of lower extremity
-motor to fibularis longus and brevis
-sensation frm skin to dorsal foot except between first 2 toes
-damage to eversion of foot

Answer 36

Superficial fibular nerve

Question 37

-nerve of lower extremity
-motor to tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus and extensor digitorum longus and extensor hallucis longus
-sensation from kin to between first two toes
-damage to dorsiflexion and inversion of foot and extension of toes

Answer 37

Deep fibular nerve