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BIO PSYCHOLOGY > The Braiin And The Nervous System > Flashcards

The Braiin And The Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

The nervous system is made of:

A

brain
Spinal cord
Peripheral nerves

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2
Q

____ provides several survival advantages.

A

Bilateral symmetry

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3
Q

Precursors of neurons evolved about ____ million years ago.

A

600

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4
Q

Neuronal circuits first appeared about ___-___ million years ago.

A

500 – 550

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5
Q

The brain develops from three bulges:

A

Prosencephalon (forebrain)
Mesencephalon (midbrain)
Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

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6
Q

Medial

A

Towards the middle

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7
Q

Lateral

A

Towards the side

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8
Q

Ipsilateral

A

On the same side

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9
Q

Contralateral

A

On the opposite side

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10
Q

Distal

A

Far end of the limb

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11
Q

Proximal

A

Nearest point of the limb, where it attaches to the body

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12
Q

____ collect information from outside and inside the body.

A

Sensory neurons

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13
Q

____ carry signals to the muscles to enable movement.

A

Motor neurons

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14
Q

___ are specialized chemicals released by neurons to communicate with other cells.

A

Neurotransmitters

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15
Q

Peripheral nervous system has two parts

A
  • Somatic Nervous System
  • Autonomic Nervous System
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16
Q

Peripheral nervous system has two parts

A
  • Somatic Nervous System
  • Autonomic Nervous System
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17
Q

Deals with external world.
Sensory and motor neurons carry information about voluntary movement and conscious awareness

A
  • Somatic Nervous System
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18
Q
  • Deals with internal world.
  • Sensory and motor neurons guide automatic processes
A

Autonomic Nervous System

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19
Q

Autonomic nervous system is divided into two components.

A
  • Sympathetic Branch
  • Parasympathetic Branch
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20
Q

Sympathetic Branch

A
  • Gets the body ready to react to threats.
  • Increases heart and respiration rates and increases blood pressure.
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21
Q

Parasympathetic Branch

A
  • Calms the body down.
  • Slows heart and respiration rate and increased digestion.
22
Q

The spine is divided into four segments

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral

23
Q

Each peripheral nerve relates to a particular part of the body, known as a ____.

A

dermatome

24
Q

The spinal cord is divided into ____ & _____

A

gray matter and white matter.

25
Q

gray matter

A

contains the cell bodies and dendrites of the neurons and is found near the center of the cord.

26
Q

The white matter

A

contains the electrically-insulated long distance connections between neurons

27
Q

The dorsal root ganglia

A

house the cell bodies for the peripheral sensory neurons

28
Q

Interneurons

A

are neurons that are between the sensory input and the motor output.
Interneurons can be excitatory or inhibitory.

29
Q

Central pattern generators

A

functional units of cells that guide these rhythmic actions.

30
Q

excitatory neuron

A

fires spontaneously, until becoming fatigued and stopped by an inhibitory interneuron. After a recovery time, the excitatory neuron resumes firing.

31
Q

Inhibitory interneurons

A

Cross the midline to inhibit the central pattern generator on the contralateral side, to allow for rhythmic muscle contractions

32
Q

The hindbrain is formed by the.

A

medulla oblongata and the pons

33
Q

The medulla controls ___

A

Involuntary functions that are important for life, such as breathing and heart rate.

34
Q

The pons relays ___

A

information between the cerebrum and the cerebellum.

35
Q

Cells within the pons are important for ____.

A

sleep, arousal, and sensory functions

36
Q

superior colliculus

A

locates visual stimuli to help coordinate complex movements

37
Q

inferior colliculus

A

locates auditory stimuli.

38
Q

Periaqueductal gray matter

A

influences complex behaviors such as defense, aggression, or reproduction.

39
Q

Reticular formation

A

regulates consciousness.

40
Q

Locus coeruleus

A

alerts the brain.

41
Q

______ pairs of cranial nerves transmit sensory and motor information between the brain and face

A

Twelve

42
Q

Substantia nigra

A

influences motor control and cognition.

43
Q

Little brain

A

Cerebellum

44
Q

The cerebellum contains ____ ____ than does the cortex.

A

more neurons

45
Q

Homeostasis is

A

the process of maintaining the body within a narrow range of physiological parameters, such as temperature, thirst, hunger, etc.

46
Q

More than ____ thalamic nuclei serve sensory, motor, motivational, and associational functions through reciprocal connections with the cortex.

A

50

47
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Important for motor control and planning.

48
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Important for processing somatosensory information.

49
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Processes visual information.

50
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Processes auditory information.

BIO PSYCHOLOGY (5 decks)

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