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BIO PSYCHOLOGY > MIDTERMS > Flashcards

MIDTERMS Flashcards

(97 cards)

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1
Q

The ______ contains more neurons than the cortex

A

Cerebellum

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2
Q

Damage to the cerebellum interferes with coordinated movement to

A

External Targets

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3
Q

Cerebellum is also important in

A

language,
attention,
memory,
emotion

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4
Q

The _____ relays sensory signals to the brain and motor signals to the body

A

Thalamus

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5
Q

More than ______ thalamic nuclei serve sensory, motor, motivational, and association functions through reciprocal connections with the cortex

A

50

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6
Q

Hypothalamus is important for?

A

Homeostasis

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7
Q

The superior colliculus locates visual stimuli to help coordinate complex movements

A

Midbrain

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8
Q

What is an excitatory neuron that fires spontaneously until becoming fatigue and stopped an inhibitory interneuron

A

Central Pattern Generators

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9
Q

_______ of cranial nerves transmit sensory and motor information between the brain and the face

A

Twelve Pairs

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10
Q

What is the process of maintaining the body within a narrow range of physiological parameters, such as temperature , thirst, hunger, etc.,,,

A

Homeostasis

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11
Q

The spinal cord is divided into and ____ matter

A

Gray and White

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12
Q

The _____ are neurons that are between the sensory input and the motor circuit

A

Interneurons

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13
Q

The ______ controls involuntary functions that are important for life such as breathing and heart rate

A

Medulla

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14
Q

The relays information between the cerebrum and cerebellum

A

Pons

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15
Q

In a reflex arc, what neuron connects with a motor neuron, allowing the sensory stimulation to target a movement

A

Sensory Neuron

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16
Q

Where is the prosencephalon located?

A

Forebrain

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17
Q

Where is the mesencephalon located?

A

midbrain

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18
Q

Sensory___ and Motor______are separated close to the spinal cord

A

Input, Output

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19
Q

Getting oriented in the brain: where is the medial located

A

Towards the Middle

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20
Q

There are specialized terms for directions within the nervous system, which of the following is right?

A

rostral-caudal: nude-tail axis

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21
Q

Which of the following is the function of Astrocytes

A

Astrocytes regulate extracellular chemicals and regulate local blood flow

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22
Q

In releasing the neurotransmitters at the synapse, how much space is there between the cell at the synaptic cleft?

A

20-30 nm

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23
Q

These are specialized chemicals released by neurons to communicate with other cells

A

Neurotransmitters

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24
Q

This plane is used to describe a vertical slice, separating the front from the back of the brain

A

Frontal

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25
The spine is divided into _____ segments
4
26
This autonomic nervous system component gets the body ready to react to threats
Sympathetic Branch
27
It contains the nucleus and integrates information
Soma
28
It conduct neural signal across along distance
Axon
29
Classified by the it is a type of neuron that carries information from the brain to the muscles
Motor Neuron
30
Classified by shape, it is a type of neuron that has one dendrite and one axon
Bipolar Neuron
31
Classified by function it is a type of neuron that conveys signal around the nervous system
Interneurons
32
Classified by shape, it is a type of neuron that have only one projection from the soma which branches to form the axon and the dendrites
Monopolar Neuron
33
It regulates extra cellular chemicals and regulate local blood flow
Astrocytes
34
It is found in the central nervous system that wrap myelin around axon that speed up signals
Oligodendrocytes
35
It provides immune system function for the central nervous system
Microglia
36
These are small gaps in the myelin sheath
Nodes of Ranvier
37
Cholecystokinin, Somatostatin, neuropeptide
Peptide Neurotransmitters
38
Dopamine, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine
Amino Acids
39
It allows ions to flow across the membrane changing the charge of the cell membrane
ionotropic receptors
40
It relays information into the cell using a series of proteins
metabotropic receptors
41
These are opened-or-gated allowing ions to move through a passage in the membrane
ionotropic receptors
42
These are receptors that relay signals to proteins inside the cell
metabotropic receptors
43
What is the thin outer covering of the brain that is necessary for human cognition
Cortex
44
What is the rounded convolutions of the cortex called
Gyri
45
______ processes visual information
Occipital Lobe
46
It is important for initiating and maintaining activity in the cortex particular in motor areas
Basal Ganglia
47
Which lobe is important for motor control and planning
Frontal Lobe
48
What part in the limbic system is important for emotional evaluation and learning
Amygdala
49
Which part of the cerebral cortex processes auditory information
Temporal Lobe
50
It combines sensory inputs from external and internal environments to help control the internal environment
Limbic System
51
What part of the limbic system is important for learning and memory
Hippocampus
52
What makes up the telencephalon
Cerebral Cortex and Basal Ganglia
53
system that provides information about the body senses, including touch, movement, pain, and temperature.
Somatosensory System
54
sensory system that provides information about the position and movement of the head
Vestibular System
55
structure in the inner ear vestibular system that provides information about the angle of the head relative to the ground and about linear acceleration.
Otolith Organ
56
one of three looping chambers found in inner ear that provide information regarding the rotation of the head
Semicircular Canal
57
one of structures of otolith organs.
Saccule, Utricle
58
force perceived when our rate of movement changes.
Linear Acceleration
59
stone made of calcium carbonate that is attached to the hair cells in the otolith organs
Otolith
60
nucleus of the thalamus that receives information regarding pain, touch, and the position and movement of the head
Ventral Posterior
61
cortex located in the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe
Primary Somatosensory Cortex
62
layer of skin lying below the outermost epidermis.
Dermis
63
hairless skin
Glabrous Skin
64
outermost layer of the skin
Epidermis
65
layer of tissue lying below the dermis
Subcutaneous Tissue
66
skin receptor that senses touch, pressure, or vibration
Mechanoreceptor
67
mechanoreceptor in which the axon fibers are surrounded by a fluid-filled capsule formed of connective tissue.
Encapsulated Receptor
68
encapsulated, fast adapting mechanoreceptor with small receptive field (responds primarily to pressure.)
Meissner's Corpuscle
69
encapsulated, rapidly adapting mechanoreceptor with large receptive field ( about pressure and vibration.)
Pacinian Corpuscle
70
nonencapsulated, slow adapting mechanoreceptor with small receptive field (y about pressure)
Merkel's Disk
71
nonencapsulated, slow adapting mechanoreceptor with large receptive field (about stretch)
Ruffini's Ending
72
myelinated fiber that carries information about cold and sharp pain to the central nervous system.
Aδ (alpha-delta) Fiber:
73
small, unmyelinated fiber that carries information about temperature, itch, and dull, aching pain to the central nervous system.
C Fiber
74
area of the skin surface served by the dorsal roots of one spinal segment.
Dermatome
75
spinal pathway that carries information about touch and position to the medulla
Dorsal Column
76
pathway originating in the dorsal column nuclei and synapsing in the ventral posterior
Medial Lemniscus
77
nerve that carries Sensation from mechanoreceptors, temperature receptors, and pain receptors in the skin of the face, mouth, tongue, & the dura mater of the brain
Trigeminal Nerve
78
areas in the parietal lobe adjacent to primary somatosensory cortex that process a wide variety of complex somatosensory inputs.
Secondary Somatosensory Cortex
79
nerve ending in the skin that responds to surface temperature
Thermoreceptor
80
nerve ending in the skin that responds to heat
Warm Fiber
81
nerve ending in the skin that responds to cold
Cold Fiber
82
nerve ending that responds to painful stimuli.
Nociceptor
83
group of cells in the outer gray matter of the dorsal horn that receive synapses from pain fibers.
Substantia Gelatinosa
84
neurotransmitter substance associated with the sense of pain that also serves as a stimulus at some nociceptors.
Substance P
85
"fibers" that carry pain and temperature information from the substantia gelatinosa to the thalamus
Spinothalamic Pathway
86
nucleus in the "brainstem" that receives pain and temperature information from the head and neck.
Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus
87
pathway carrying pain and temperature information from the spinal "trigeminal" nucleus to the thalamus
Trigeminal Lemniscus
88
one of many "nuclei" in the thalamus that receive some pain and temperature input.
Intralaminar Nucleus
89
the sense of smell
Olfaction
90
layer in the nasal cavity containing olfactory receptors.
Olfactory Epithelium
91
structures found within the olfactory bulbs
Glomeruli
92
fiber pathway connecting the olfactory bulbs to the olfactory cortex
Olfactory Tract
93
cortex in the frontal lobe that responds to the sense of smell
Olfactory Cortex
94
one of the five basic taste groups, characteristic of tastes found in seaweed and other "meaty or savory" elements of Asian cuisine
Umami
95
nucleus of the thalamus that receives information regarding taste
Ventral Posterior Medial (VPM) nucleus of the thalamus
96
bumps on the tongue containing taste buds and taste receptors
Papillae
97
small fibers extending from taste receptors
Microvilli

BIO PSYCHOLOGY (5 decks)

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