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BIO PSYCHOLOGY > MIDTERMS > Flashcards

MIDTERMS Flashcards

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1
Q

The ______ contains more neurons than the cortex

A

Cerebellum

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2
Q

Damage to the cerebellum interferes with coordinated movement to

A

External Targets

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3
Q

Cerebellum is also important in

A

language,
attention,
memory,
emotion

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4
Q

The _____ relays sensory signals to the brain and motor signals to the body

A

Thalamus

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5
Q

More than ______ thalamic nuclei serve sensory, motor, motivational, and association functions through reciprocal connections with the cortex

A

50

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6
Q

Hypothalamus is important for?

A

Homeostasis

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7
Q

The superior colliculus locates visual stimuli to help coordinate complex movements

A

Midbrain

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8
Q

What is an excitatory neuron that fires spontaneously until becoming fatigue and stopped an inhibitory interneuron

A

Central Pattern Generators

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9
Q

_______ of cranial nerves transmit sensory and motor information between the brain and the face

A

Twelve Pairs

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10
Q

What is the process of maintaining the body within a narrow range of physiological parameters, such as temperature , thirst, hunger, etc.,,,

A

Homeostasis

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11
Q

The spinal cord is divided into and ____ matter

A

Gray and White

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12
Q

The _____ are neurons that are between the sensory input and the motor circuit

A

Interneurons

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13
Q

The ______ controls involuntary functions that are important for life such as breathing and heart rate

A

Medulla

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14
Q

The relays information between the cerebrum and cerebellum

A

Pons

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15
Q

In a reflex arc, what neuron connects with a motor neuron, allowing the sensory stimulation to target a movement

A

Sensory Neuron

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16
Q

Where is the prosencephalon located?

A

Forebrain

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17
Q

Where is the mesencephalon located?

A

midbrain

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18
Q

Sensory___ and Motor______are separated close to the spinal cord

A

Input, Output

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19
Q

Getting oriented in the brain: where is the medial located

A

Towards the Middle

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20
Q

There are specialized terms for directions within the nervous system, which of the following is right?

A

rostral-caudal: nude-tail axis

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21
Q

Which of the following is the function of Astrocytes

A

Astrocytes regulate extracellular chemicals and regulate local blood flow

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22
Q

In releasing the neurotransmitters at the synapse, how much space is there between the cell at the synaptic cleft?

A

20-30 nm

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23
Q

These are specialized chemicals released by neurons to communicate with other cells

A

Neurotransmitters

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24
Q

This plane is used to describe a vertical slice, separating the front from the back of the brain

A

Frontal

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25
Q

The spine is divided into _____ segments

A

4

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26
Q

This autonomic nervous system component gets the body ready to react to threats

A

Sympathetic Branch

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27
Q

It contains the nucleus and integrates information

A

Soma

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28
Q

It conduct neural signal across along distance

A

Axon

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29
Q

Classified by the it is a type of neuron that carries information from the brain to the muscles

A

Motor Neuron

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30
Q

Classified by shape, it is a type of neuron that has one dendrite and one axon

A

Bipolar Neuron

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31
Q

Classified by function it is a type of neuron that conveys signal around the nervous system

A

Interneurons

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32
Q

Classified by shape, it is a type of neuron that have only one projection from the soma which branches to form the axon and the dendrites

A

Monopolar Neuron

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33
Q

It regulates extra cellular chemicals and regulate local blood flow

A

Astrocytes

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34
Q

It is found in the central nervous system that wrap myelin around axon that speed up signals

A

Oligodendrocytes

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35
Q

It provides immune system function for the central nervous system

A

Microglia

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36
Q

These are small gaps in the myelin sheath

A

Nodes of Ranvier

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37
Q

Cholecystokinin, Somatostatin, neuropeptide

A

Peptide Neurotransmitters

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38
Q

Dopamine, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine

A

Amino Acids

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39
Q

It allows ions to flow across the membrane changing the charge of the cell membrane

A

ionotropic receptors

40
Q

It relays information into the cell using a series of proteins

A

metabotropic receptors

41
Q

These are opened-or-gated allowing ions to move through a passage in the membrane

A

ionotropic receptors

42
Q

These are receptors that relay signals to proteins inside the cell

A

metabotropic receptors

43
Q

What is the thin outer covering of the brain that is necessary for human cognition

A

Cortex

44
Q

What is the rounded convolutions of the cortex called

A

Gyri

45
Q

______ processes visual information

A

Occipital Lobe

46
Q

It is important for initiating and maintaining activity in the cortex particular in motor areas

A

Basal Ganglia

47
Q

Which lobe is important for motor control and planning

A

Frontal Lobe

48
Q

What part in the limbic system is important for emotional evaluation and learning

A

Amygdala

49
Q

Which part of the cerebral cortex processes auditory information

A

Temporal Lobe

50
Q

It combines sensory inputs from external and internal environments to help control the internal environment

A

Limbic System

51
Q

What part of the limbic system is important for learning and memory

A

Hippocampus

52
Q

What makes up the telencephalon

A

Cerebral Cortex and Basal Ganglia

53
Q

system that provides information about the body senses, including touch, movement, pain, and temperature.

A

Somatosensory System

54
Q

sensory system that provides information about the position and movement of the head

A

Vestibular System

55
Q

structure in the inner ear vestibular system that provides information about the angle of the head relative to the ground and about linear acceleration.

A

Otolith Organ

56
Q

one of three looping chambers found in inner ear that provide information regarding the rotation of the head

A

Semicircular Canal

57
Q

one of structures of otolith organs.

A

Saccule, Utricle

58
Q

force perceived when our rate of movement changes.

A

Linear Acceleration

59
Q

stone made of calcium carbonate that is attached to the hair cells in the otolith organs

A

Otolith

60
Q

nucleus of the thalamus that receives information regarding pain, touch, and the position and movement of the head

A

Ventral Posterior

61
Q

cortex located in the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe

A

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

62
Q

layer of skin lying below the outermost epidermis.

A

Dermis

63
Q

hairless skin

A

Glabrous Skin

64
Q

outermost layer of the skin

A

Epidermis

65
Q

layer of tissue lying below the dermis

A

Subcutaneous Tissue

66
Q

skin receptor that senses touch, pressure, or vibration

A

Mechanoreceptor

67
Q

mechanoreceptor in which the axon fibers are surrounded by a fluid-filled capsule formed of connective tissue.

A

Encapsulated Receptor

68
Q

encapsulated, fast adapting mechanoreceptor with small receptive field (responds primarily to pressure.)

A

Meissner’s Corpuscle

69
Q

encapsulated, rapidly adapting mechanoreceptor with large receptive field ( about pressure and vibration.)

A

Pacinian Corpuscle

70
Q

nonencapsulated, slow adapting mechanoreceptor with small receptive field (y about pressure)

A

Merkel’s Disk

71
Q

nonencapsulated, slow adapting mechanoreceptor with large receptive field (about stretch)

A

Ruffini’s Ending

72
Q

myelinated fiber that carries information about cold and sharp pain to the central nervous system.

A

Aδ (alpha-delta) Fiber:

73
Q

small, unmyelinated fiber that carries information about temperature, itch, and dull, aching pain to the central nervous system.

A

C Fiber

74
Q

area of the skin surface served by the dorsal roots of one spinal segment.

A

Dermatome

75
Q

spinal pathway that carries information about touch and position to the medulla

A

Dorsal Column

76
Q

pathway originating in the dorsal column nuclei and synapsing in the ventral posterior

A

Medial Lemniscus

77
Q

nerve that carries Sensation from mechanoreceptors, temperature receptors, and pain receptors in the skin of the face, mouth, tongue, & the dura mater of the brain

A

Trigeminal Nerve

78
Q

areas in the parietal lobe adjacent to primary somatosensory cortex that process a wide variety of complex somatosensory inputs.

A

Secondary Somatosensory Cortex

79
Q

nerve ending in the skin that responds to surface temperature

A

Thermoreceptor

80
Q

nerve ending in the skin that responds to heat

A

Warm Fiber

81
Q

nerve ending in the skin that responds to cold

A

Cold Fiber

82
Q

nerve ending that responds to painful stimuli.

A

Nociceptor

83
Q

group of cells in the outer gray matter of the dorsal horn that receive synapses from pain fibers.

A

Substantia Gelatinosa

84
Q

neurotransmitter substance associated with the sense of pain that also serves as a stimulus at some nociceptors.

A

Substance P

85
Q

“fibers” that carry pain and temperature information from the substantia gelatinosa to the thalamus

A

Spinothalamic Pathway

86
Q

nucleus in the “brainstem” that receives pain and temperature information from the head and neck.

A

Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus

87
Q

pathway carrying pain and temperature information from the spinal “trigeminal” nucleus to the thalamus

A

Trigeminal Lemniscus

88
Q

one of many “nuclei” in the thalamus that receive some pain and temperature input.

A

Intralaminar Nucleus

89
Q

the sense of smell

A

Olfaction

90
Q

layer in the nasal cavity containing olfactory receptors.

A

Olfactory Epithelium

91
Q

structures found within the olfactory bulbs

A

Glomeruli

92
Q

fiber pathway connecting the olfactory bulbs to the olfactory cortex

A

Olfactory Tract

93
Q

cortex in the frontal lobe that responds to the sense of smell

A

Olfactory Cortex

94
Q

one of the five basic taste groups, characteristic of tastes found in seaweed and other “meaty or savory” elements of Asian cuisine

A

Umami

95
Q

nucleus of the thalamus that receives information regarding taste

A

Ventral Posterior Medial (VPM) nucleus of the thalamus

96
Q

bumps on the tongue containing taste buds and taste receptors

A

Papillae

97
Q

small fibers extending from taste receptors

A

Microvilli

BIO PSYCHOLOGY (5 decks)

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