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CLINICAL ANATOMY- UPPER EXTREMITY > The Brachial Plexus > Flashcards

The Brachial Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 terminal branches that come out of the brachial plexus?

A

axillary nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, radial nerve, median nerve, ulnar nerve

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2
Q

What do the roots of the brachial plexus originate from?

A

ventral rami of the spinal nerves

[C4]C5-T1)

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3
Q

What makes up the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?

A

The anterior divisions of the upper and middle trunk

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4
Q

What makes up the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

A

The posterior divisions of all 3 trunks (upper, middle, lower)

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5
Q

What makes up the medial cord of the brachial plexus?

A

The anterior division of the lower trunk

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6
Q

What muscles are innervated by the nerves arising from the anterior divisions of the brachial plexus?

A

anterior compartment of the upper limb

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7
Q

What muscles are innervated by the nerves arising from the posterior divisions of the brachial plexus?

A

posterior compartment of the upper limb

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8
Q

What nerves arise from the roots of the brachial plexus?

A

dorsal scapular, long thoracic

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9
Q

Spinal nerves of the dorsal scapular nerve

A

C4-C5

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10
Q

Function of dorsal scapular nerve

A

postganglionic sympathetic and motor information (NOT SENSORY) to levator scapulae and rhomboids

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11
Q

Spinal nerves of long thoracic nerve

A

C5-7

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12
Q

Function of long thoracic nerve

A

sensory, postganglionic, sympathetic, and motor to serratus anterior

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13
Q

What nerves do not provide sensory, postganglionic sympathetic, OR motor innervation to muscles, viscera/vessels, and skin?

A

DO NOT PROVIDE MOTOR INNERVATION- medial cutaneous of arm, medial cutaneous of the forearm, superficial branch of the radial nerve

DO NOT PROVIDE SENSORY INNERVATION- dorsal scapular nerve

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14
Q

What nerves arise from the upper trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

suprascapular nerve, subclavian nerve

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15
Q

spinal nerves of the suprascapular nerve

A

C4-6

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16
Q

Function of the suprascapular nerve

A

sensory, postganglionic sympathetic, and motor innervation to the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles

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17
Q

Spinal nerves of the subclavian nerve

A

C5-6

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18
Q

Function of the subclavian nerve

A

sensory, postganglionic sympathetic, and motor innervation of the subclavius muscle

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19
Q

What branches come off of the middle and lower trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

None

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20
Q

What spinal nerves does the upper trunk carry?

A

C[4]5-6

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21
Q

What spinal nerves does the middle trunk carry?

A

C7

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22
Q

What spinal nerves does the lower trunk carry?

A

C8-T1

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23
Q

How many anterior divisions are there and which trunks of the brachial plexus do they come from?

A

3

one from each trunk of the brachial plexus

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24
Q

How many posterior divisions are there and which trunks of the brachial plexus do they come from?

A

3

one from each trunk

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25
Q

Which nerves branch off of the divisions of the brachial plexus?

A

none

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26
Q

What branches off of/arises from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?

A

lateral pectoral nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, lateral root of the median nerve

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27
Q

What branches off of/arises from the medial cord of the brachial plexus?

A

medial pectoral nerve, medial cutaneous nerve of arm, medial cutaneous nerve of forearm, medial root of the median nerve, ulnar nerve

28
Q

What are the 3 sections of the trunks of the brachial plexus?

A

upper, middle, lower

29
Q

What branches off of/arises from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

A

upper subscapular nerve, thoracodorsal nerve, lower subscapular nerve, axillary nerve, radial nerve

30
Q

What arises from the anterior divisions of the upper and middle trunk?

A

The lateral cord

31
Q

What arises from the posterior divisions of all 3 trunks?

A

posterior cord

32
Q

What arises from the anterior division of the lower trunk?

A

medial cord

33
Q

spinal nerves of the lateral pectoral nerve

A

C5-7

C7 innervation from ansa pectoralis

34
Q

Function of lateral pectoral nerve

A

sensory, motor, and postganglionic sympathetic. innervation to the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor

35
Q

Spinal nerves of the musculocutaneous nerve

36
Q

Function of the musculocutaneous nerve

A

sensory, postganglionic sympathetic and motor innervation of anterior compartment of the arm

(biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis)

37
Q

What does the musculocutaneous nerve later become?

A

the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm

38
Q

Function of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm

A

(continuation of musculocutaneous)

sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin over lateral aspect of the FOREARM

39
Q

Spinal nerves of the lateral root of the median nerve

40
Q

Muscular branches of the median nerve (both lateral and medial roots)

A

sensory, postganglionic sympathetic, and motor innervation–>

SUPERFICIAL AND INTERMEDIATE ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE FOREARM:

(superficial) flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus & pronator teres muscle
(intermediate) flexor digitorum superficialis

(**EXCEPT FCU–> ULNAR NERVE)

DEEP LAYER OF ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF FOREARM:
flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus (lateral/radial portion)
pronator qudratus –> anterior interosseous nerve

THE HAND: lateral/radial two lumbricals

41
Q

What nerves arise from the lateral root of the median nerve?

A

anterior interosseous nerve

palmar cutaneous branch

recurrent branch of median nerve

common and proper palmar digital nerves

and muscular branches to hand and forearm

42
Q

What muscles are innervated by the recurrent branch of the median nerve?

A

flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis and opponens pollicis muscles

43
Q

What two nerves arise from the medial and lateral root of the median nerve and provide sensory and postganglionic innervation to the skin of the hand?

A

palmar cutaneous branch- skin of radial aspect of the palm of the hand

common and proper palmar digital nerves- skin of digits 1-4

44
Q

spinal nerves of the medial pectoral nerve

45
Q

Function of the medial pectoral nerve

A

sensory, postganglionic sympathetic and motor inn. to pec major and minor

46
Q

Function of the medial cutaneous nerves of the arm and forearm

A

ONLY SENSORY AND POSTGANGLIONIC SYMPATHETIC INN–> medial aspect of arm and forearm

**NO MOTOR

47
Q

What nerves/branches arise from the medial root of the median nerve?

A

(same as lateral root)

muscular branches in forearm and hand

anterior interosseous nerve

palmar cutaneous branch

recurrent branch of the median nerve

common and proper palmar digital nerves

48
Q

spinal nerves of the medial root of the median nerve

49
Q

Spinal nerves of the ulnar nerve

50
Q

What nerves/branches come off of the ulnar nerve?

A

muscular branches in forearm,

palmar cutaneous branch,

  • common palmar digital nerves
  • proper palmar (digits 4-5) digital nerves

dorsal cutaneous branch,

deep (terminal) branch

51
Q

Muscular branches of the ulnar nerve provide innervation to which muscles?

A

MUSCULAR BRANCH
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitorum profundus (ulnar portion)

DEEP MUSCULAR BRANCH (C8-T1) (terminal branch)

Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi
Flexor pollicis brevis
Opponens digiti minimi
Palmar interossei
Dorsal interossei
Medial/ulnar two lumbricals
Adductor pollicis muscles
52
Q

What two nerves arise from the ulnar nerve and provide sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation to skin on the ulnar side of the palm (digit 4 and 5) and the skin on the dorsal surfaces of digit 4 and 5 (ulnar side)?

A

palmar cutaneous branch

dorsal cutaneous branch

53
Q

Spinal nerves of upper subscapular nerve

54
Q

Function of upper subscapular nerve

A

sensory, postganglionic sympathetic and motor inn. to subscapularis muscle

55
Q

spinal nerves of the thoracodorsal nerve

56
Q

Function of thoracodorsal nerve

A

sensory, postganglionic sympathetic and motor inn. of latissimus dorsi

57
Q

spinal nerves of the lower subscapular nerve

58
Q

Function of the lower subscapular nerve

A

sensory, postganglionic sympathetic and motor inn. to subscapularis and teres major muscles

59
Q

Spinal nerves of the axillary nerve

A

C5-6

“2 assassins”

60
Q

Function of the axillary nerve

A

sensory, postganglionic sympathetic and motor inn. to the deltoid and teres minor muscles

61
Q

What nerve comes off the of the axillary nerve and provides sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation to the skin over the superior, lateral aspect of the arm?

A

The superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm

62
Q

Spinal nerves of the radial nerve

A

C5-T1

“5 rats”

63
Q

Muscular branches of the radial nerve (arm and forearm)

A

sensory, postganglionic sympathetic and motor inn.

POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF ARM/FOREARM- triceps brachii, anconeus

ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF ARM- brachialis

POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF FOREARM-

(Superficial)-bachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi

(deep) - supinator, extensor indicis, abductor pollics longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus
- -> INCLUDES THUMB MUSCLES

64
Q

What nerve arises from the radial nerve and supplies sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation to the skin on the posterior aspect of the forearm?

A

posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm

65
Q

What does the superficial (terminal) branch of the radial nerve provide innervation to?

A

sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation to skin of radial side of dorsum of hand (back of hand on lateral side)

66
Q

What muscle is innervated by both the musculocutaneous nerve and a small branch of the radial nerve?

A

The brachialis muscle

CLINICAL ANATOMY- UPPER EXTREMITY (17 decks)

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