The boxer rebellion Flashcards
What was the Boxer Rebellion a result of?
continued failures of the self-strengthening movement, The defeat in the sino-japanese war, corruption and impotence in opposing territorial demands, scramble for concessions – GROWTH IN NATIONALISM
Who did the progressives find a patron in (Qing)
Emperor Guanxu
Who was Cixi
irrepresible ex-regent, ultra conservative who opposed any reform to the political system.
When was Cixi a regent?
from 1861-1889 after Emperor Xianfeng’s death
when did Cixi reassume regency?
in 1898 after she plotted for Guanxu’s removal and he was placed under house arrest until he died in 1908
what shows Cixi’s ignorance (to do with money)
she had a marble boat carved with money that was intended for modernising China’s navy.
when was the Hundred Days Reform
1898
what were some things that the Hundred Days reform included
reorganising the education system, western style university in Beijing, freedom of publication, government departments for mining, agriculture and trade
what happened to reformers when Cixi took the regency again
some fled (Kang and Liang) others were not lucky and they were killed
where did the Boxer rebellion begin
Shangdong- province that had been humiliated (weihaiwei, german military presence)
what was the name of the Boxers
Fists of United Righteousness
who did Boxers target
Christianity and chinese converts
what did the boxers do?
attacked anything with western origin, they claimed to have supernatural powers (impenetrable by bullets)
how many chinese christians were killed in the 1890s?
approx 30,000
what happened in Taiyuan
a governor promised missionaries and their families saftey not true and they were all killed by boxers
what did Boxers do when they entered the foreign legations in Beijing
put them under siege, assassinated a German minister and Japanese diplomat
why did Cixi grant support to the Boxers?
she thought they might be able to rid china of foreigners, she orders Qing troops to help the uprising (order ignored by most regional bosses)
What was the Eight Nation Army, how many troops
western nations sent a joint army of 20,000 to relieve the besieged legations
What was the boxer protocol (1901)
treaty that demanded the apologies for the murder of the chinese diplomat and a memorial for the Murdered German ambassador, legation quarter was now just for foreigners, allowed to station troops in beijing, indemnity of 450 million taels
what did the boxer rebellion signify
the last stand of conservative china– now had to accept foreigners were permanent in china
why was the Qing upheld by the foreign powers?
maintain a semblance of national unity
how much of the population were addicted to opium (foreign presence bringing it in)
40%
when did the Qing collapse
1911
why was the boxer rebellion significant in terms of the fall of the Qing
turned it from an If to a When (embarrassment etc)
what was important about the boxer rebellion for Japan
a lot of the 20,000 troops sent in were Japanese– world importance
What are three causes of the boxer rebellion
Instability of the Qing , westerners, Christian missionaries (propaganda bit o a stretch)
What propaganda did the boxers use
Thought they were invincible/ bullet proof, red lanterns could fly, used demonstrations.
Why was the instability of the Qing a cause
Emperor was under house arrest so Cixi ruled, failure of 100 days reform 1998 and self strengthening movement 1861-1895, Qing was seen as a puppet for westerners , weakness of the Qing meant results of sino Japanese war were not good
Why were the westerners a cause
Foreigners were in China, Scramble for concessions 1895-1901, they wanted to kick out foreigners. Germans sieved ShangDong
Germans treated Chinese badly
Why were Christian missionaries a cause
Church disrupts feng shui. Chinese converts had extraterritoriality ( had extra treatment ) people wanted to kick out missionaries and kill converts (30,000 Chinese Christians killed ) failed harvests blamed on missionaries
what where the results of the boxer rebellion
boxer protocol was signed , 450 million taels and reparations ( by 1940 had to pay close to a billion taels bcs of interest )
