Spring mock prep quiz

Question 1

Who was Guangxu?

Answer 1

Cixi’s nephew who took the throne in 1875 (until 1908).

Question 2

What were the 100 Days of Reform?

Answer 2

1898 - 103-day national cultural, political, and educational reform movement to modernise China. (Emperor Guangxu)

Question 3

Why did Cixi put Guangxu under house arrest in 1898?

Answer 3

Cixi believed his reforms were too radical and that he was part of a western plot to overthrow her.

Question 4

What propaganda did the Boxers use to gain support?

Answer 4

Christians caused drought, Boxers impenetrable by foreign bullets, Red Lanterns (woman) could fly vs foreigners as well as drumming up anti foreign feeling.

Question 5

What did Boxer attacks target in 1900?

Answer 5

Western infrastructure: Tore up railroads, knocked down telegraphs, burned buildings, attacked Beijing, attacked missionaries and Chinese Christian converts.

Question 6

How did the governor of Shanxi province show his support for the Boxers?

Answer 6

He promised missionaries refuge and when they arrived he murdered them.

Question 7

Who was Baron von Kettler and why was he murdered?

Answer 7

German ambassador. Sanctioned German troops to attack Chinese as a response to Boxers. Assassinated by a Boxer (not supported by Qing Government).

Question 8

The Boxers laid siege to Beijing for 55 days. What was their aim?

Answer 8

To destroy foreign areas and kill foreigners.

Question 9

How many troops did the British send from the coast? They were unable to enter Beijing.

Answer 9

2,000

Question 10

Cixi ordered local banner armies to assist the Boxers against the foreigners. Did they help?

Answer 10

No

Question 11

20,000 foreign troops finally broke the siege. Name 4/8 nations that contributed forces.

Answer 11

Japan (the most troops), Britain, France, Russia, USA, Italy, Austria and Germany.

Question 12

Why was Cixi reluctant to ban the Boxers, which made it look like she supported them, angering westerners?

Answer 12

Believed that this was a Western coup to put Guangxu back on the throne.

Question 13

The Boxer Protocol was signed in 1901. What humiliating terms did the Qing have to accept? Name 2

Answer 13

War guilt, $450 million reparations, arsenals and forts destroyed, foreign troops in Beijing permanently

Question 14

What was the Xi’an Incident of late 1936?

Answer 14

Chiang was kidnapped by one of his northern advisors, Zhang Xueliang, who tried to convince Chiang to stop attacks on CCP and deal with Japan.

Question 15

What was the NRA?

Answer 15

National Revolutionary Army.

Question 16

Chiang finally resolved to fight after the Marco Polo Bridge incident. Where did he attack and why?

Answer 16

Shanghai to open a second front for Japan (other than Manchuria), outnumber and surprise Japanese, attract international interest/sympathy, Japanese Naval HQ

Question 17

Name one way that Chiang prepared for the 1937 attack.

Answer 17

Reinforced the Shanghai-Nanjing road, started moving industry inland, strengthened the Central NRA (Army).

Question 18

Why did Japan march on Nanking in late 1937?

Answer 18

capital city, where the GMD retreated to, natural move inland

Question 19

Where did Chiang withdraw the government to by 1937?

Answer 19

Chongqing

Question 20

How is Chiang’s 1937 retreat considered a tactic in the war against Japan?

Answer 20

Space for Time - hope that the Japanese will exhaust themselves, hold out for foreign support.

Question 21

Chongqing was repeatedly bombed by the Japanese throughout the war. Why did it not fall?

Answer 21

Defences, e.g. tunnels, the HUMP (US supplies), Burma road (up to 1942), isolated location….Japanese army never got there. Give one reason.

Question 22

Why did Chiang destroy the Yellow River dikes, creating 3 million refugees and killing 500,000?

Answer 22

To stop the Japanese western advance. Did delay by 3 months.

Question 23

In 1938, Chiang introduced conscription and increased taxes. Why? (Surely this was futile?)

Answer 23

Chiang was hoping more western assistance would come, if China could hold out (especially if Japan continued to expand empire). Also, hopefully China’s size (geography and population) would wear down Japan.

Question 24

What was Japan’s 3 Alls campaign?

Answer 24

Kill all, loot all, destroy all

Question 25

How did the 3 Alls campaign help Chiang against Japan?

Answer 25

Increased nationalism.

Question 26

What title did the Communist’s Red Army adopt when it fought with the NRA in the Second United Front?

Answer 26

New 4th Army and 8th Route Army (one is fine)

Question 27

Where did the communist forces engage Japan?

Answer 27

Along the northern borders

Question 28

What tactic did the communists use against Japanese occupation?

Answer 28

Guerilla warfare.

Question 29

Did the Japanese see the communists or the NRA as their main opponent?

Answer 29

NRA

Question 30

What help did the USA give BEFORE December 1941? (3 examples)

Answer 30

Loans to GMD to stabilise economy, 14th US Air Force and Claire Chennault, P-40 fighters, economic sanctions against Japan (e.g. froze Japanese assets in US banks, stopped oil and iron exports).

Question 31

What percentage of the total Japanese Imperial Army was engaged in China by 1941?

Answer 31

80% of the IJA were in China by 1941.

Question 32

What date was the Pearl Harbor attack? (day, month and year please)

Answer 32

07-Dec-41

Question 33

America declared war on Japan and allied with China. How did China benefit? 3 reasons.

Answer 33

$500 million loan and $630 million Lend Lease to provide military supplies (e.g. B29 Superbomber) General Stillwell as Chiang’s Chief of Staff, ‘Hump’ (supplies flown over the Himalayas) to overcome closure of Burma Road.