The Bowel Flashcards
How many parts are there of the duodenum?
4
What is the pain pattern of appendicitis typically?
Initially: Referred to T10 dermatome –> visceral pain at umbilicus
Later: Peritonitis –> somatic pain and localisation to RIF
What are the distinguishing features of the large bowel?
Large diameter
Taenia coli
Sacculations/haustra
What is the anorectal ring?
Deep segment of external sphincter. Palpable on PR ~5cm from anus. Required to maintain continence
Demarcates junction between anal canal and rectum
What is Meckel’s diverticulum?
Ileal remnant of vitellointestinal duct
2 inches long, 2 foot from ileocaecal valve
“true diverticulum”
Found in 2% of population of which 2% are symptomatic (PR bleed, diverticulitis, intussusception)
What are the branches of the Coeliac artery?
Left gastric
Common hepatic
Splenic
What are the branches of the SMA?
Middle colic
Right colic
Ileocolic
What are the branches of the IMA?
Left colic
Sigmoidal branches
Superior rectal artery
What nerve supplies the foregut?
Great splanchnic nerve (T5-T10)
What nerve supplies the midgut?
Lesser splanchnic nerve (T10-T11)
What nerve supplies the kidneys?
Least splanchnic nerve (T12)
What nerve supplies the hindgut?
Lumbar splanchnic nerve (L1-L2)
What is the foregut?
Abdominal oesophagus –> Major Duodenal Papilla (2nd part of duodenum)
Includes: Abdominal oesophagus, stomach, duodenum to Major Duodenal Papilla, liver, pancreas, gallbladder
What is the midgut?
Inferior to Major Duodenal Papilla –> distal 1/3rd transverse colon
Includes: Distal 2 parts duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, appendix, ascending colon and right 2/3rds transverse colon
What is the hindgut?
From before the left colic flexure –> upper part anal canal
Includes: Left 1/3rd transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and upper part anal canal.
