Compartment Syndrome

Question 1

What is compartment syndrome

Answer 1

Inadequate tissue perfusion and oxygenation in a compartment secondary to raised pressure within that compartment
Surgical emergency

Question 2

Which is the most common site for compartment syndrome

Answer 2

Anterior compartment of the lower limb

Question 3

What are some causes of compartment syndrome

Answer 3

Can occur after any injury
Crush injuries
Prolonged compression of limb
Occurs in both open and closed fractures
Reperfusion injury

Question 4

What is the cardinal sign of compartment syndrome

Answer 4

Pain that is out of proportion to the injury sustained

Muscle tenderness on palpation
Compartment feels tense
Pain on passive stretch

Question 5

How do you manage compartment syndrome

Answer 5

Remove any plaster immobilisation or bandaging
Measure compartment pressure
If elevated (>30 mmHg) –> urgent fasciotomy

Question 6

What increases the risk of missing a diagnosis of compartment syndrome

Answer 6

Regional anaesthetic techniques

Should be avoided where there is a high risk of compartment syndrome (tibial shaft fractures)