the bottom up approach Flashcards
1
Q
what is the aim of the bottom-up approach?
A
- generate a picture of the offender
- their likely characteristics, behaviour and social background
- developed in Britain
- done through systematic analysis of evidence at the crime scene
2
Q
what is investigate psychology? aim?
A
- David canter
- the aim is to establish patterns of behaviour that are likely to occur across crime scenes which can then be put in the statistical database.
- Then, specific details of an offence can be matched against this database to reveal important details about the offender - their personal history, family background etc. same offender?
3
Q
what are the 3 main aims of investigate psychology?
A
- interpersonal coherence = the way an offender behaves at the scene, including how they interact with the victim, may reflect their behaviour in everyday situations
Dwyer (2001) distinguishes between rapists who humiliate their victims, emphasising control, and others who are more apologetic - time and place = may help discover where the offender lives/works
- Forensic awareness = behaviour could indicate that they have been involved with the police in the past
4
Q
what is geographical profiling?
A
- Based on spatial consistency, first described by Kim Rossmo (1997)
- The locations of crime scenes are used to infer the likely home or operational base of an offender = crime mapping.
- Location can also be used alongside investigate psychology to create hypotheses about the offender and their modus operandi (ways of working)
- The assumption is that serial offenders restrict their ‘work’ to where they are familiar with
- can provide insight into the nature of the offence e.g. planned or opportunistic, age, mode of transport, employment status etc
5
Q
what are the two models of offender behaviour proposed by canter and Larkin 1993?
A
- marauder = operates close to their home base
- commuter = likely to have travelled a distance away from where they live when committing a crime
centre of gravity = pattern of offending is likely to form a circle around their usual residence
