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Physiology > The Body Fluid Compartments > Flashcards

The Body Fluid Compartments Flashcards

1
Q

Insensible water loss

A

Water loss that we are not consciously aware of

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2
Q

Sources by which water is added to the body

A
  1. Ingested in the form of liquid or water in food

2. Synthesized in the body by oxidation of Carbohydrates

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3
Q

Amount of water ingested

A

2100ml/day

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4
Q

Water intake through metabolism

A

200ml/day

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5
Q

Total amount of daily intake of water

A

2300ml/day

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6
Q

How is water lost by the body

A
  1. Insensible water loss
  2. Fluid loss in sweat
  3. Water loss in feces
  4. Water loss by the kidneys
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7
Q

Ways in which water is lost through Insensible water loss

A
  1. Evaporation from respiratory tract

2. Diffusion through the skin

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8
Q

Amount of water lost through Insensible water loss

A

700ml/day

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9
Q

Amount of water lost through Evaporation from respiratory tract

A

300-400ml/day, during prolonged heavy exercise 650 ml/day

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10
Q

Amount of water lost by diffusion through the skin

A

300-400ml/day

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11
Q

How is diffusion through skin minimized

A

Cholesterol filled cornified layer of skin

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12
Q

How is water lost through respiratory tract

A

Air enters the respiratory and becomes saturated with moisture to a vapor pressure of 47mmHg before it is expelled. Because the inspired air is below 47mmHg water is continuously lost through respiration.

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13
Q

Why do we get a dry feeling in the respiratory passage during cold weather

A

Air inspired has a vapor pressure that decreases to nearly 0 causing a great loss of water through the lungs as the temperature decreases

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14
Q

Amount of water lost through sweat

A

100ml/day, in hot weather or heavy exercise increases to almost 1-2L/hour (5000ml/day)

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15
Q

How is water lost through sweat over come

A

Activation of the thirst mechanism

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16
Q

Amount of water loss through feces

A

100ml/day, sometimes increases to liters per day in people with severe diarrhea

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17
Q

Amount of water lost by kidneys

A

1400ml/day, during prolonged heavy exercise 500ml/day

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18
Q

Total body fluid distributed between two compartments

A

Extracellular and intracellular fluids

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19
Q

Types of extracellular fluid

A
  1. Interstitial fluids
  2. Blood plasma
  3. Transcellular fluid
20
Q

Transcellular fluids

A

Fluids in enclosed compartments like :fluid in Synovial, peritoneal, pericardial, intra ocular s spaces and cerebrospinal fluid. Specialized fluid and some cases its composition is much different from plasma or Interstitial fluids

21
Q

Amount of Transcellular fluid present in the body

A

12L

22
Q

Total body water of a 70kg adult man

A

Body water is about 60% of the body weight /about 42L.

23
Q

Percentage of body water depends on

A

Agree, gender, and degree of obesity.

24
Q

As person grows older body fluid decreases

A

Aging is associated with an increased percentage of body weight being fat which decreases the percentage of water in the body

25
Q

Women body water percentage

A

Did to greater percentage of body fat their total body water averages about 50%

26
Q

Premature and new born babies total body water

A

70-75%

27
Q

Amount of intracellular fluid

A

28L that is about 40%of total body weight

28
Q

Amount of extracellular fluid

A

Makes up 20%of the Body weight that is 14L in 70kg man

29
Q

Amount of Interstitial fluid

A

11L

30
Q

Amount of plasma in the body

A

1/4th of extracellular fluid 3L

31
Q

Average volume of blood

A

7%of body weight about 5L. 60% plasma and 40% red blood cells

32
Q

Hematocrit

A

Fraction of blood composed of red blood cells determined by centrifuging blood in a “Hematocrit tube” until the cells Brecon tightly packed in the bottom of the tube. 3-4%plasma remains entrapped among the cells therefore true Hematocrit is only 96%of the measured Hematocrit

33
Q

Plasma and Interstitial fluid separated by

A

Capillaries membrane

34
Q

Plasma have higher concentration of_____ than in Interstitial fluid

A

Protein because of low permeability of capillaries to plasma Proteins

35
Q

Donnan effect

A

Plasma protein have have a net negative charge therefore binds to positively charged ions (cation) and since are in greater conc in the plasma give the plasma a higher conc of positively charged ions. Conversely - vely charged Proteins repel - vely charged ions (anions) therefore having a higher conc. In the Interstitial fluid.

36
Q

Ion content of extracellular fluid

A

Large amount of Sodium, Chloride, bicarbonate ions and small amounts of calcium, potassium, magnesium, phosphate and organic acid ions

37
Q

Ionic content of intracellular fluid

A

Large amounts of potassium, phosphate, magnesium, sulfate ions and proteins and small amount of Sodium, Chloride ions and almost no calcium

38
Q

Indicator-dilution method

A

It’s a method of measuring volume of fluid compartments. Indicator sub is placed in the compartment allowing it to disperse evenly throughout them a sample is taken out and analyzed. It uses the conservation of mass principle. If no sub leaks out total mass of the sub of sub in compartment will be equal to total mass of sub injected

39
Q

What is needed to be know for calculation using indicator-dilution method

A
  1. Total amount of sub infected

2. Concentration of fluid in chamber after sub is dispersed

40
Q

Formula of the indicator - dilution method

A

Vol B= Vol A x conc A /conc B

41
Q

Indicator- dilution method used only when

A
  1. Dispersed evenly
  2. Disperse only in the compartment to be measured
  3. Indicator is not metabolized or excreted before reaching equilibrium
  4. Indicator easily and accurately measured
  5. Indicator is non toxic
42
Q

Measurement of total body water

A

Use of radioactive water(tritium), heavy water (dueterium) or antipyrine (lipid soluble easily penetrate membrane)

43
Q

Measurement of extracellular fluid

A

Subs that are not readily permeable through cell membrane. Radioactive Sodium, radioactive chloride, radioactive iothalamate, thiosulfate ions and insulin. Sometimes radioactive Sodium diffuse into the cells in small amounts therefore measurement is not true

44
Q

Calculation of intracellular volume

A

Measured Indirectly

IC vol= total body water - EC Vol

45
Q

Measurement of plasma volume

A

Subs that do not readily penetrate capillaries membrane. Serum albumin labeled with radioactive iodine, dyes that bind to plasma Proteins like Evans Blue dye (T-1824)

46
Q

Calculation of Interstitial fluid

A

IF vol= EC Vol - plasma volume

47
Q

Measurement of blood volume

A

Total blood vol = plasma vol / 1-hematocrit or inject RBCs labeled with radioactive material like radioactive chromium and calculated using indicator-dilution method

Physiology (19 decks)

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