The body Flashcards
A transmitter chemical that causes muscle contraction
acetylcholine
Fluid within the meninges around the brain and spinal cord
cerebrospinal fluid
An enzyme which neutralizes acetylcholine at the synapse
cholinesterase
A graph showing the brain’s electrical activity
electroencephalogram
A brain problem that causes seizures
epilepsy
Separation of charge in the neurons that prepares them for transmitting an impulse
polarized
What system allows us to interact with our environment, the physical world.
nervous system
Gathering and interpreting information is a function of the:
nervous system
The brain and the spinal cord are considered
central nervous system
What type of cell is a neuron
nerve
What does a neuron has similar to all cell
nucleus
“Motor end plates” are associated with:
axon
muscle contraction
transmitter chemicals
How do nerve signals pass through the synapse?
by chemical reactions
by acetylcholine
Impulses travel through neurons because of the reversal of
membrane polarization
Protective membranes surrounding the brain are called
the meninges
main purpose of the cerebrospinal fluid
protection
largest and uppermost part of the brain is called the
cerebrum
purpose of all the folds in the cerebrum
increases the surface area
spinal cord runs through and is protected
vertebrae
sensation and reaction circuit bypassing the brain
reflex arc
contains many sensory areas
parietal lobe
measures electrical changes of the heart
electrocardiogram
fatty layer around axons
sheath
measures brain waves
electroencephalogram
willful muscle contraction; emotions
frontal lobe
space between neurons
synapse
another name for vagus nerve
cranial nerve
spinal cord - input/output
spinal nerves
A transparent liquid which is located between the cornea and iris.
aqueous humor
Muscles attached to the lens to change its shape
ciliary muscles
A photoreceptor cell which functions best in bright light. It detects color.
cone
The transparent portion of the sclera at the front of the eye
cornea
A special part of the choroid layer composed of colorful tissue
iris
The nerve connecting the eye to the brain
optic nerve
Specialized cells located in the retina that receive light images
photoreceptor
A delicate light-sensitive membrane covering the inside of the eyeball
retina
A photoreceptor cell which is sensitive to dim light, but detects no color
rod
A fibrous material surrounding the eye to give it shape
sclera
A transparent jellylike substance filling the eyeball
vitreous humor
The layers of the eye are the _____.
choroid
choroid
sclera
retina
a hole through the center of the anterior choroid
pupil of the eye
portion of the eye that acts as a camera shutter is the
iris
What is the ultimate function of ciliary muscles
focus teh eye
The eye layer which receives light images is the _____.
retina
The retinal cells responsible for night vision are:
rods
area of the eye with a concentration of cones is the
fovea
photoreceptor cells which are sensitive to colors
cones
How is the light image formed on the retina
inverted
axons of the retinal culminate in the optic nerve which forms a
blind spot on the retina.
Difficulty with seeing distant objects is called:
nearsightedness
myopia
Difficulty with seeing objects close to the eye is called:
farsightedness
hyperopia
Localized distortion of light through the cornea
astigmatism
Night blindness can be caused by a deficiency of:
vitamin A
