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Biology > The body > Flashcards

The body Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A transmitter chemical that causes muscle contraction

A

acetylcholine

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2
Q

Fluid within the meninges around the brain and spinal cord

A

cerebrospinal fluid

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3
Q

An enzyme which neutralizes acetylcholine at the synapse

A

cholinesterase

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4
Q

A graph showing the brain’s electrical activity

A

electroencephalogram

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5
Q

A brain problem that causes seizures

A

epilepsy

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6
Q

Separation of charge in the neurons that prepares them for transmitting an impulse

A

polarized

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7
Q

What system allows us to interact with our environment, the physical world.

A

nervous system

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8
Q

Gathering and interpreting information is a function of the:

A

nervous system

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9
Q

The brain and the spinal cord are considered

A

central nervous system

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10
Q

What type of cell is a neuron

A

nerve

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11
Q

What does a neuron has similar to all cell

A

nucleus

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12
Q

“Motor end plates” are associated with:

A

axon
muscle contraction
transmitter chemicals

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13
Q

How do nerve signals pass through the synapse?

A

by chemical reactions
by acetylcholine

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14
Q

Impulses travel through neurons because of the reversal of

A

membrane polarization

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15
Q

Protective membranes surrounding the brain are called

A

the meninges

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16
Q

main purpose of the cerebrospinal fluid

A

protection

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17
Q

largest and uppermost part of the brain is called the

A

cerebrum

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18
Q

purpose of all the folds in the cerebrum

A

increases the surface area

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19
Q

spinal cord runs through and is protected

A

vertebrae

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20
Q

sensation and reaction circuit bypassing the brain

A

reflex arc

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21
Q

contains many sensory areas

A

parietal lobe

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22
Q

measures electrical changes of the heart

A

electrocardiogram

23
Q

fatty layer around axons

A

sheath

24
Q

measures brain waves

A

electroencephalogram

25
Q

willful muscle contraction; emotions

A

frontal lobe

26
Q

space between neurons

A

synapse

27
Q

another name for vagus nerve

A

cranial nerve

28
Q

spinal cord - input/output

A

spinal nerves

29
Q

A transparent liquid which is located between the cornea and iris.

A

aqueous humor

30
Q

Muscles attached to the lens to change its shape

A

ciliary muscles

31
Q

A photoreceptor cell which functions best in bright light. It detects color.

A

cone

32
Q

The transparent portion of the sclera at the front of the eye

A

cornea

33
Q

A special part of the choroid layer composed of colorful tissue

A

iris

34
Q

The nerve connecting the eye to the brain

A

optic nerve

35
Q

Specialized cells located in the retina that receive light images

A

photoreceptor

36
Q

A delicate light-sensitive membrane covering the inside of the eyeball

A

retina

37
Q

A photoreceptor cell which is sensitive to dim light, but detects no color

A

rod

38
Q

A fibrous material surrounding the eye to give it shape

A

sclera

39
Q

A transparent jellylike substance filling the eyeball

A

vitreous humor

40
Q

The layers of the eye are the _____.
choroid

A

choroid
sclera
retina

41
Q

a hole through the center of the anterior choroid

A

pupil of the eye

42
Q

portion of the eye that acts as a camera shutter is the

A

iris

43
Q

What is the ultimate function of ciliary muscles

A

focus teh eye

44
Q

The eye layer which receives light images is the _____.

A

retina

45
Q

The retinal cells responsible for night vision are:

A

rods

46
Q

area of the eye with a concentration of cones is the

A

fovea

47
Q

photoreceptor cells which are sensitive to colors

A

cones

48
Q

How is the light image formed on the retina

A

inverted

49
Q

axons of the retinal culminate in the optic nerve which forms a

A

blind spot on the retina.

50
Q

Difficulty with seeing distant objects is called:

A

nearsightedness
myopia

51
Q

Difficulty with seeing objects close to the eye is called:

A

farsightedness
hyperopia

52
Q

Localized distortion of light through the cornea

A

astigmatism

53
Q

Night blindness can be caused by a deficiency of:

A

vitamin A

54
Q
A

Biology (10 decks)

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