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Biology > Body framework + repoduction > Flashcards

Body framework + repoduction Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The bones which support the bones of the arms

A

pectoral girdle

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2
Q

The bones which support the bones of the legs

A

pelvic girdle

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3
Q

What are the primary functions of the skeletal system.

A

protection
movement
production of blood cells
support

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4
Q

The pectoral girdle includes the

A

clavicles
scapulae

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5
Q

Are bones of the skull fused together at birth?

A

no

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6
Q

The mandible is the:

A

jaw

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7
Q

function(s) of the sternum is(are) to:

A

protect the heart
connect the ribs

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8
Q

The bones that enclose the spinal cord are called the

A

vertebrae

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9
Q

How many long bones are in each arm?

A

3

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10
Q

The upper arm bone is the:

A

humerus

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11
Q

The two bones of the lower arm are:

A

radius
ulna

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12
Q

The long bone of the upper leg is the _____.

A

femur

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13
Q

The two lower leg bones are called the _____ and the _____.

A

fibula
tibia

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14
Q

The patella is a bone associated with the:

A

knee

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15
Q

Which of the following bones are part of the axial skeleton?

A

ribs
cranium
cervical vertebra

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16
Q

Inflammation of the lubricating sacs of the joints is called

A

bursitis

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17
Q

A disease which can cause inflammation, stiffness, and disfigurement of the joints is called

A

arthritis

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18
Q

Straps of connective tissue which holds bones together at the joints are:

A

ligaments

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19
Q

Match the units associated with a bone.

central hollow shaft

A

marrow cavity

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20
Q

Match the units associated with a bone.

fat cells

A

yellow marrow

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21
Q

Match the units associated with a bone.

protective covering

A

periosteum

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22
Q

Match the units associated with a bone.

makes blood cells

A

red marrow

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23
Q

The production of blood cells is associated with:

A

red marrow

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24
Q

The two primary substances associated with healthy bones are

A

vitamin D
Calcium

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25
Q

The passageways which permit blood to circulate through bones are

A

Haversian canals

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26
Q

the parts of the body which incorporate cartilage.

A

ears
nose
larynx
trachea

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27
Q

The most forward two teeth on the upper or lower mouth are:

A

incisors

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28
Q

third molar at the back of the mouth is called

A

wisdom tooth

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29
Q

The portion of a tooth that gives you pain when the dentist drills your teeth is called the

A

pulp cavity

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30
Q

The nerve fibers and blood vessels of a tooth are located in the:

A

pulp cavity

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31
Q

Tooth cavities are caused by

A

sugar
gum disease
acid
bacteria

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32
Q

The connective tissue attaching the calf muscles to the heel

A

Achilles tendon

33
Q

The wasting away of tissue.

A

atrophy

34
Q

The wasting away of tissue.

A

atrophy

35
Q

A muscle that straightens a joint

A

extensor

36
Q

A muscle that bends a joint

A

flexor

37
Q

The attachment of a muscle to the more movable bone

A

insertion

38
Q

The attachment of a muscle to the less movable bone

A

origin

39
Q

tiny protein-based threads contained in each muscle fiber

A

myofibril

40
Q

Myofibrils contain two different proteins known as _____ and _____.

A

actin
myosin

41
Q

Unused muscles deteriorate at a rate of about

A

1% a day

42
Q

Bone to bone

A

ligament

43
Q

Muscle to muscle

A

tendon

44
Q

skeletal type which operates to straighten a joint is called a

A

extensor

45
Q

the type which bends a joint

A

flexor

46
Q

A condition of the muscles whereby they become weak from disuse is calle

A

atrophy

47
Q

The condition of paralysis is usually attributed to:

A

malfunction of the nervous system

48
Q

Muscular dystrophy is associated with:

A

degeneration of muscle cells

49
Q

Reproduction not involving the fusion of gametes

A

asexual reproduction

50
Q

A gland in the male reproductive system

A

Cowper’s gland

51
Q

Segments of the DNA molecule which contain the genes for the traits

A

chromosome

52
Q

A narrow coiled structure attached to the testis which stores sperm

A

epididymis

53
Q

One of the tubes taking the egg from the ovary to the uterus

A

Fallopian tube

54
Q

A long whiplike structure used in movement

A

flagellum

55
Q

A reproductive cell which fuses to give rise to a zygote

A

gamete

56
Q

The process of dividing the chromosome number in half

A

meiosis

57
Q

The female gonad which produces the eggs and some sex hormones

A

ovary

58
Q

What is the scientific name for the woman’s egg

A

ovum

59
Q

A gland in the male reproductive system

A

prostate gland

60
Q

An organ that produces proteins which are added to the sperm

A

seminal vesicle

61
Q

Reproduction involving the fusion of gametes as egg and sperm

A

sexual reproduction

62
Q

A sperm cell or male gamete

A

spermatozoon

63
Q

The male gonad which produces sperm

A

testes

64
Q

The organ which contains the fetus during pregnancy

A

uterus

65
Q

A fertilized egg, containing all the DNA of a unique individual

A

zygote

66
Q

mature ovum must travel through the what order to reach the uterus.

A

Fallopian tube

67
Q

the thickened wall of the uteru

A

endometrium

68
Q

The lower opening of the uterus within the vagina is called the

A

cervix

69
Q

The periodic disintegration and replacement of the endometrium is called the menstrual cycle and occurs once every

A

28 days

70
Q

What regulates the menstrual cycle

A

hormones

71
Q

The sperm cell travels to the ovum by the motion of the

A

flagellum

72
Q

The subunit (organelle) of the sperm which supplies the energy for motion is:

A

the mitochondria

73
Q

Each gamete contains:

A

1/2 of each parent’s chromosomes

74
Q

The process of chromosome reduction occurs:

A

by meiosis

75
Q

The sperm are produced regularly in the

A

seminiferous tubules

76
Q

The male gametes are stored in coiled tubes called the _____.

A

epididymis

77
Q

Which glands secrete the protein fluids which are constituents of semen?

A

seminal vesicles
prostate
Cowper’s gland

78
Q

Life begins at

A

fertilization (also known as conception)

Biology (10 decks)

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