The Bits and Bytes of Computer Networking: Week 2 Flashcards
Where can nodes communicate with each other?
On a LAN through their physical MAC addresses, works well on small scale because switches can quickly learn MAC addresses.
What is dotted decimal notation?
Writing numbers in octet-grouped base-10 numbers
What does DHCP do?
(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Modern networks automatically assigning a new device an IP address. IP addresses assigned this way is called Dynamic IP addressing,
Do IP addresses belong to networks or the devices connected to the networks?
Belong to the networks.
How are Static IP’s configured on nodes?
Manually. Usually this is reserved for servers & networks, while dynamic IP’s are reserved for clients.
What is a IP Datagram?
A highly structured series of fields that are strictly defined.
What is the first section of a IP Datagram?
4 bits that are called the Version. The version indicates what version of Internet Protocol is being used (IPv4 vs. IPv6)
What is the second section of an IP Datagram?
Header Length: Declares how long the entire header is. Usually always 20 bytes when dealing with IPv4 which is the minimum IP header length.
What is the 3rd section of an IP Datagram?
Service Type Field: These 8 bits can be used to specify details about quality of service (QoS) technologies.
What is the 4th section of an IP Datagram?
Total Length Field: Indicates the total length of the IP datagram it’s attached to.
What is the 5th section of an IP Datagram?
Identification field: A 16 bit number that’s used to group messages together.
How big can an IP Datagram be?
The largest number you can represent with 16 bits (65,535).
What is the 6th section of an IP Datagram?
Flag Field: Used to indicate if a datagram is allowed to be fragmented
What is the 7th section of an IP Datagram?
Fragmentation: The process of taking a single IP Datagram and splitting it up into several smaller datagrams.
What is the 8th section of an IP Datagram?
Time To Live (TTL) Field: An 8-bit field that indicates how many router hops a datagram can traverse before it’s thrown away.
What is the 9th section of an IP Datagram?
Protocol Field: Another 8-bit field that contains data about what transport layer protocol is being used.
What is the 10th section of an IP Datagram?
Header Check-sum field: A checksum of the content of the entire IP datagram header
11th and 12th section of an IP Datagram?
Source + Destination IP Addresses (32 bits)
What is the 13th section of an IP Datagram?
IP Options Field: An optional field and is used to get special characteristics for datagrams primarily used for testing purposes.
What is the 14th section of an IP Datagram?
Padding field: Series of 1’s and 0’s used to ensure the header is the correct size.
What are IP Addresses split into?
2 sections, the network ID and the host ID
{9.} (Network) {100.100.100} (Host)
What is the address class system?
A way of defining how the global IP address space is split up
What are the 3 primary types of address classes?
A class: first octet used for networks, last 3 for host
B class: first 2 octet used for network, last 2 host
C class: first 3 octet network, final octet host
What is ARP? (Address Resolution Protocol)
A protocol used to discover the hardware address of a node with a certain IP address
What is a ARP table?
A list of IP addresses and the MAC addresses associated with them
What is subnetting?
The process of taking a large network and splitting it up into many individual and smaller sub-networks or subnets
What is subnet masks?
32-bit numbers that are normally written out as four octets in decimal. A way for computers to use and operators to determine if an IP address exists on the same network,
What is basic binary math?
Section spoke about adding up Binary. 1 & 1 = 1, 1 & 0 = 0
What is CIDER? (Classless Inter-Domain Routing)
More flexible approach to describing blocks of IP Addresses
What is the Demarcation Point?
To describe where one network or system ends and another one begins
What is a Router?
Network device that forwards traffic depending on the destination address of that traffic
What are routing tables?
Hop & total hops play role into getting data across to user as fast as possible
What is Interior Gateway Protocols?
Split into two categories: Link state routing & distance-vector protocols
