The birth of scientific psychology - UNIT 3

Question 1

Auguste Comte

Answer 1

psychology: introspective analysis of the mind (metaphysical nonsense)
- two methods were available by which the individual could be studied objectively: embrace phrenology + study the mind by its products (social behavior)= antrophology

Question 2

Psychophysics

Answer 2

Wundt established psychology as a distinct scientific discipline, by using experimental methods to study human consciousness.
- earileast approach to study the relationship between physical stimuli and perception

Question 3

Ernst Heinrich Weber

Answer 3

known for his studies on sensation and perception
- weigh discrimation expemeriments= Weber’s Law/Weber Fechner Law
- he discovered that the smallest noticeable difference betweent wo stimuli is a constant proportion of the original stimulus, the ability to detect changes depends on their relative differences

Question 3

just noticeable difference

Answer 3

correspond to a constant proportion of the original intensity of the stimulus
- exemple of the gr bar

Question 4

Weber Law

Answer 4

it helps to understand how people perceive different stimuli. Demostrating systematic relationships between physical stimulation and psychological experience.

ΔI/I = k,
where ΔI represents the difference threshold,
I represents the initial stimulus, and k is a constant.
Weber’s law

Question 5

Gustav Theofor Fechner

Answer 5

elemtns of psychophysics
- he sought to quantify the conenction between the mind and the physical world, he expended Weber law by developing a formula to explain how this prportionality affects human perception over a range of stimuli (brightness, loudness, weight, taste)
- he introduced experimental methods to study how we perceive stimuli particurarlly on sensory thresholds (smallest detextable stimulus= minumum intensity of a stimulus that a person can detect, 50% of time a person can sense)

Question 6

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 6

1. studied medicine in Heidelberg + physiology in 1855 in Berlin.
2. Helmholts laboratory assistant.
3. 1875 became a professor at Leipzing

Question 7

Wundt Biography

Answer 7

established the first experimental psychology laboratory at Leipzig in 1879= The institute for experimental psychology, his lab was in full production

Question 8

How did Wunfdt saw psychology?

Answer 8

he saw psychology as the study of consious experince particularly sense perception.
- scientically reseach coul en done by focusing on how we perceive stimuli

Question 9

What did Wundt opposed?

Answer 9

-materialism= consciousness can’t be reduce to the psyical properties of matter
-aspects of empiricm= mind is active in processing sensory info

Question 10

Voluntarism (Wundt)

Answer 10

emphesized the active role of the mind, especially role of will in organzing and interpresting senory input
- mind activvly constructs experiences

Question 11

immediate experience

Answer 11

• refers to the raw and unmediates sensory expeirnces that individuals have in response to external stimuli
  human consciosness as it occured