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Biology > the biosphere > Flashcards

the biosphere Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the biosphere

A

the biosphere is all places on the earth where life exists

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2
Q

what 4 systems make up the earth

A

lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and the atmosphere

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3
Q

give the definition of the 4 parts that the earth is made of

A

lithosphere - a thin layer of rock and soil that covers the earth.
hydrosphere - all the water on earth such as the ocean, lake and rivers and in the air water vapour
atmosphere - thin layer of gases mainly nitrogen oxygen and carbon dioxide that surround the earth

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4
Q

what 3 parts does the biosphere contain

A
  • the parts of the lithosphere, hydrosphere and the atmosphere that contain life
  • all the living organisms on earth
  • dead organic matter
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5
Q

what are the smaller unit that the biosphere is made up of called

A

ecosystems

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6
Q

what do you call the organisms that feed on and break down organic matter

A

decomposers

E.g. fungi bacteria

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7
Q

what is the largest biological system on earth

A

the biosphere

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8
Q

what are micro-organisms

A

tiny organisms that live everywhere in the biosphere

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9
Q

what is an ecosystem

A

they are smaller units of the biosphere the include all living things in a place, interacting with each other non living things

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10
Q

what is a species

A

a species is the lowest group of similar organisms that can mate and produce offspring (a category within the biological classification system)

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11
Q

what do these words mean excretion and respiration

A

excretion- removal of waste from the body

respiration- process that produces energy from food

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12
Q

what do micro organisms help to do

A

they help cycle nutrients through the environment so that they can be reused

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13
Q

name the rym and the seven life processes

A

Mrs Gren

  • movement
  • reproduction
  • sensitivity
  • growth
  • respiration
  • excretion
  • nutrition
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14
Q

do you know what the 7 life processes mean

A

yes / no

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15
Q

what do all living things need

A

energy, water, gasses and soil / land

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16
Q

what is the average earth temperature

A

14 degrees celcius

17
Q

what is an adaptation

A

it is a characteristic that an animal develops to help it survive in its environment

18
Q

do you know the adaptations of fish, kelp, camel thorn tree, gemsbok and weaver birds

A

yes no

19
Q

what is the meaning of the following words classify, taxonomy and kingdom

A

classify- arrange objects into groups based on similar characteristics
taxonomy- the science of classifying living objects
kingdom- the highest order of taxonomic classification

20
Q

why do we classify things

A

to make it easier to make sense of the world around us the are classified into groups which have similar characteristics.

21
Q

what are the 5 main kingdoms

A

animals, plants, protists, fungi and bacteria

22
Q

how many organisms does each kingdom hold

A 
animals-1 200 000
plants-290 000
protists-150 000
fungi-66 000
bacteria-4 000
23
Q

name the rym and the 7 level classification

A

keep plates clean or family grows sick

  • kingdom
  • phylum
  • class
  • order
  • family
  • genus
  • species
24
Q

what are the main differences between animals and plants

A

1 movement- animals move around freely while plants use root to absorb moisture and to anchor themselves into the soil
2 nutrition- plants make their own food through photosynthesis, they have a pigment called chlorophyll in them that makes them green and allows them to make their own food, animals don’t have chlorophyll so they have to eat other plants and animals for food
3 reproduction- flower plants produce seed while plants like ferns produce spores vegetative reproduction is when leaf or flower is able to grow into a whole new plant

25
Q

what to groups can all animals be place in and what do they mean

A

invertebrates- animals that have no backbone

vertebrates- animals with backbones

26
Q

list the invertebrates and vertebrates

A
  1. vertebrates - fish, mammals, amphibians, reptiles and birds.
  2. invertebrates - phylum arthropoda : insects, arachnids and crustaceans
    - —————————phylum mollusca : molluscs
27
Q

do you know each of these animals properties

A

yes / no

28
Q

what is a key

A

it is use to identify live things
we use dichotomous key which are made up of statements, these statements can be written in a diagram (branching key) or in pairs (number keys)

29
Q

what is variation

A

differences between a species

30
Q

what are inherited characteristics

A

features passed down from parent to young

31
Q

what are inferences

A

conclusions based on evidence

32
Q

what is and environmental variation

A

these are variations caused by the environment

e.g. tatoos, well developed muscles

Biology (12 decks)

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