the biodiversity of plants Flashcards
give the meanings for the following seeds, spores and sori
- seeds - reproductive structures produced by flowering plants.
- spores - small, single-celled reproductive structures that float in the air used for reproduction in certain plants
- sori - spore producing structures that grow on the lower surface fern leaves
how is the plant kingdom divided
- plant kingdom
- 1 seed-producing plants 2.2 spore-producing plants
- 1 3.1 angiosperms 3.2 gymnosperms
- 1 4.1 dicotyledons 4.2 monocotyledons
name 2 plant that are spore producing and how or they dispersed
ferns and mosses
- when the spores are ripe they are dispersed by the wind
what 2 groups can seed producing plants be classified into
angiosperms and gymosperms
give the definition of these 2 words angiosperms and gymnosperms
- Angiosperms - most diverse group in the plant kingdom, they reproduce using flowers and their seed are covered in fruit (called “covered seeds”)
- Gymnosperms - produce seeds in cones (called “naked seeds”)
what are the 2 main groups of angiosperms
- Monocotyledons
2. Dicotyledons
why are the 2 main groups of angiosperms groups
It is because of the way the produce seeds
what are the main differences between monocotyledons and dicotyledons
- Monocotyledons - have one seed leaf or cotyledon
2. Dicotyledons - have two seed leaves or cotyledon
what is a cotyledon
a type of leave that is found inside a seed
what are the characteristics of a monocotyledons
- the parts of the flower are arranged in multiple of 3
- the stem remains green and flexible throughout life
- leaves are long and strap like, veins run parallel to each other along the length of leaf
- leaves or attached to stem with a leaf sheath
- has adventitious root system, many root grow directly from base of stem
what are the characteristic of a dicoyledons
- the parts of flower of in multiple of 4 and 5
- axillary bud grows at angle of petillo and stem
- petillo attaches leaf to stem
- different species have different leaf shape, vein form network
- stem starts off soft and green and goes hard and woody the older the plant gets
- tap root system, goes deep in soil
- side root grow off main root
what do the following word mean or do
sepal, petals, stamen, anther, filament, pistil, ovary, style, ovule and the stigma
- sepal - protects and encloses other whorls while flower develops
- petals - coloured parts of flower that can be fused or separated
- stamen - male parts of flower
- anther - upper part of stamen contains pollen grains, they contain the male sex cells
- filament - stalk that carries the anther
- pistil - female parts of flower
- ovary - bottom part of the pistil, contain the ovule
- style - tube that connects ovule to stigma
- ovule - immature seeds, contain the female sex cells
- stigma - nodule at the tip of style, collects pollen
can you label and draw a diagram of a flower
yes / no
name the four whorls of a flower
- sepal
- petals
- stamen
- pistil
what do the following mean pollination, pollinators, pollen and nectar guides
- pollination - transfer of pollen from the male to the female parts of the flower.
- pollinators - organism that transfer pollen from 1 flower to the next.
- pollen - a fine powdery substance produced by the stamen, containing the male sex cells
- negtar guide - patterns on the flower that guide the pollinators to the pollen
what are adaptations
characteristics of an organism that help t survive in its environment
name the adaptations of a wind pollinated flower
- positioned at the top of long stems
- don’t have bright petals, nectar or scent, no pollinators needed
- produces large quantities of light, dry pollen, carried off easily in the wind
- have long stigmas and filaments, expose stigmas and stamens to wind
- have feather branch like stigmas, ensure that pollen is caught and trapped in wind
name the adaptations of animal pollinated flowers
INSECT POLLINATED
- have sweet scent and bright colours (mainly blue, red, white and purple)
- make nectar
- produce little sticky pollen that sticks to insects
- have stamens and stigma inside where polen rub off of insect
-sometimes have nectar guides
BIRD POLLINATED
- have bright petals (mainly red, yellow and orange)
- no scent bird have weak sense of smell
- produces lot of nectar
- tubular or trumpet shape because of birds long beaks, pollen sticks to birds beaks
- long stamens and stigmas placed so they make contact with birds beaks
when does fertilisation occur
when female and male sex cells fuse, the pollen contains the male sex cell while the ovule contains the female sex cell.
give the definitions for the following zygote, fruit nd germination
- Zygote - fertilised egg
- Fruit - ripe ovary
- Germination - process that occurs when a seed starts to grow
do you know the process of germination and can you label a diagram
yes / no
what do plant require to grow
light, air, water, warmth and nutrients
why don’t seed grow next to the plant that dropped them
they may compete for the same resources
what are the 4 way of seed dispersal
dispersal by: wind, humans and animals, water and self dispersal
do you know all the fact and plant that do this (pg 36-37)
yes / no
