The Biological Approach Flashcards
What is the biological approach?
The study whether behavioural characteristics are inherited in the same way as physical characteristics
What do twin studies tell us?
The likelihood that certain traits have a genetic basis
What is the name for identical twins?
Monozygotic (MZ)
What percentage of genes do identical twins share?
100%
What is the name for non-identical twins?
Dizygotic (DZ)
What percentage of genes do non-identical twins share?
50%
What did Christiansen do?
Examined over 3500 twin pairs in Denmark and identified concordance rates of criminal behaviour
What were the results of Christiansen’s study?
Concordance rates in criminal behaviour:
MZ males=35%
DZ males = 13%
What were the issues with Christiansen’s study?
Only done in one country
Not very big sample
Only used males
Only one culture
What is a genotype?
The actual genetic makeup
What is a phenotype?
The way genes are expressed through physical, behavioural, and psychological characteristics
What is the expression of a genotype influenced by?
Environmental factors
What was Charles Darwin’s theory?
Natural selection
What is natural selection?
The theory that any genetically determined behaviour which enhances an individuals survival will continue in future generations
What advantages have memory and attachment given us?
Memory - survival skills, knowledge in school,remembering locations
Attachment - teach us skills, provide resources, protection
