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Psychology P2: Approaches > The Biological Approach > Flashcards

The Biological Approach Flashcards

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1
Q

BIO AP: Who theorized evolution

A

CHARLES DARWIN

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2
Q

BIO AP: What did Charles Darwin state about evolution

A

Our behavior has adapted and changed overtime via natural selection

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3
Q

BIO AP: what is natural selection

A

This is where profitable behaviors are selected in mates and therefore reproduced

Overtime better behaviors will continue and these behaviors continually increase our ability to survive

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4
Q

BIO AP: what plays a large role on behavior

A

GENES

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5
Q

BIO AP: how do genes influence behavior

A

We all differ in genetics and behavior

Variability in the population can be attributed to genetics

The greater the trait is influenced by genetics the greater the heritability is

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6
Q

BIO AP: what is a genotype

A

The genes an individual posses (genetic make up)

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7
Q

BIO AP: what is a phenotype

A

The observable traits of characteristics shown by the individual these traits/characteristics are due to the combined effect of genes and environment

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8
Q

BIO AP: what is heredity

A

It refers to the idea that characteristics are ‘passed on’ through our genetics

These characteristics can be physical or psychological

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9
Q

BIO AP: examples of physical traits/ characteristics you can inherit

A

Muscle tone, height, chance of illness

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10
Q

BIO AP: example of psychological traits or characteristics

A

Intelligence, cognitive style, chance of mental illness

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11
Q

BIO AP: what does the nervous system carry

A

Carries messages around the body through neurons

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12
Q

BIO AP: what does the neurons transmit

A

They transmit nerve impulses as electrical signals

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13
Q

BIO AP: what are some of the behaviors under the control of the neurons and nervous system

A

Breathing, eating, sexual behavior

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14
Q

BIO AP: what is central nervous system

A

This compromises the brain and spinal cord

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15
Q

BIO AP:what is peripheral nervous system

A

This is made up of the somatic nervous system (muscle control) and autonomic nervous system (automatic human processes)

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16
Q

BIO AP: what is the largest part of the brain is called and the percent it takes up

A

The largest part of the brain is called the cerebrum making 85% of it

17
Q

BIO AP: what is the outer part of the brain called and what does it control

A

The cerebral cortex (outer part) controls higher-order functions

18
Q

BIO AP: what is the hemisphere

A

The cerebrum is split in two halves (hemisphere)

19
Q

BIO AP: how is each hemisphere of the brain divided

A

Each half is then divided into 4 lobes

20
Q

BIO AP: what are the 2 types of neurotransmitters

A

EXCITATORY
INHIBITORY

21
Q

BIO AP: what is a neurotransmitter

A

when a nerve impulse reaches the end of the neuron, a chemical is released (neurotransmitter)

22
Q

BIO AP: what is an excitatory neurotransmitter

A

these stimulate the brain into action increasing impulses

23
Q

BIO AP: what is an inhibitory neurotransmitter

A

these calm the brain by inhibiting impulses

24
Q

BIO AP: what does diathesis stress model suggest about certain disorders

A

certain disorders result from a combination of genetic risk factors interacting with environmental factors

25
Q

BIO AP: what is interacting according to diathesis stress model

A

genotype and phenotype

26
Q

BIO AP: who’s study supported the genetics

A

GOTTESMAN (1991)

27
Q

BIO AP: what did gottesman suggest about inheritance and schizophrenia

A

he stated that if both your parents had schizophrenia there was a 46% chance of you developing it

28
Q

BIO AP: what is a dizygotic twin

A

non identical twins (Dz)

29
Q

BIO AP: what is a monozygotic twin

A

identical twins (Mz)

30
Q

BIO AP: strengths of biological approach

A
  • use of scientific methos - they use empirical methods (brain scans) and therefore the results are valid
31
Q

BIO AP: limitations of biological approach

A

P:this approach is the ethical implications on a society.
E: for example only 1% of the population has schizophrenia, making it statistically abnormal.
L: therefore if society knew certain genetics cause those behaviours this could cause discrimination

P: cause and effect is not evident
E: does the biological abnormality cause the behaviour or is it the other way round
L: reduces complex behaviours to simple causes such as genetics

Psychology P2: Approaches (7 decks)

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