Humanistic Approach Flashcards
HUMN AP: what does the humanistic perspective focus on
The positive image of what it means to be human
HUMN AP: what do humanistic approach researchers focus on
Personal experience rather than behavior
HUMN AP: who was the approach developed by
CARL ROGERS and ABRAHAM MANSLOW (1950s)
HUMN AP: what do humanist psychologists focus on (5 characteristics)
-personal responsibility
-free will
-personal growth
-development
-focus on self
HUMN AP: what does self concept refer to
How we perceive ourselves as a person
HUMN AP: TRUE OR FALSE does self concept change as we grow older
TRUE
We learn and change as we grow older and engage with others in our environment
HUMN AP: what are the two basic need that determine psychological health
-positive regard from others
-a feeling of self worth (what we think about ourselves)
HUMN AP: what does congruence refer to
SELF-CONCEPT (how we perceive ourself) and IDEAL SELF (what we strive to become)
HUMN AP: what is congruence
A similarity between a persons ideal self and self concept
HUMN AP: what happens if there’s failure to attain congruence
Leads to negative feelings of self worth
HUMN AP: when are conditions of worth developed
When people are accepted for who they are and what they do
This is what a counceller does
HUMN AP: who places conditions of worth on a person
PEERS AND PARENTS
HUMN AP: why do people need conditions of worth
To be perceived positively
HUMN AP: when does a person only feel self acceptance
When they meet the expectation that others have set (conditions of worth)
HUMN AP: what does therapy teach a person to lose and gain
They lose conditions of worth and gain a unconditional positive regard
HUMN AP: what was Maslow focused on
The importance of personal growth and fulfillment
HUMN AP: what must be fulfilled in the hierarchy of needs
Each level must be fufilled at the basic level before progressing to a higher level
HUMN AP: what does manslow state about needs
The more basic the need, the more important it is and the more difficult it is to ignore
HUMN AP: what are the levels on the hierarchy of needs
Top to bottom
Self-actualization
Esteem
Love/belonging
Safety
Physiological
HUMN AP: fill in the gap
‘___ is the height of the hierarchy of __ ‘
SELF ACTUALISATION
NEEDS
HUMN AP: people who have reached self actualisation are
Creative
Accepting of other people
Accurate perceptions of the world
Spontaneous
what are the key assumptions of the humanistic approach
-study the issues without using experiments and instead rely heavily on phenomenology
-holism: humanism believes psychology should study the whole person
-idiographic: humanism believes psychology should study the individual case as people are unique they create general laws and apply to everyone
-self actualization: humanism believes people have the need of being motivated by the wish to grow and fulfill their potential
HUMN AP: who influenced counseling within psychology
ROGERS (1959)
HUMN AP: what do therapists provide
Empathy and unconditional positive regard showing acceptance and understanding towards the client
HUMN AP: what do counselor enable their clients to do
Counselors support clients dissolving their conditions of worth
HUMN AP: after successful counseling how do clients behave
They can be their true self and behave how they want and not how others want them to be
HUMN AP: strengths of the humanistic approach
P: a strength is that it avoids being overly reductionist
E: the humanistic approach emphasises the importance of a holistic approach,
E: which suggests the humanistic model recognises the complexity of human behaviour,
L: rather than simplifying it.
HUMN AP: limitation of humanistic approach
P: clear disregard for empirical evidence
E: for example some of the concepts in this approach such as Maslow self actualisation this is hard to measure, vague and abstract
L: this shows that we cannot be certain of claims made as part of this theory
(when comparing with psychodynamic)
the strong reliance of people accounts of their experiences and thoughts means that processes lying below the level of conscious awareness are ignored
HUMN AP: What is phenology
technique involving the reporting of direct experience with no interpretation of the experience
