The Behaviourist approach Flashcards
Is the behavioral approach environmental or genetic
Environmental
Define tabula rasa
Our mind is a blank slate when we are born
How MUST behavior be measured in psychology
In highly controlled environments to establish cause and effect
What approach is primarily concerned with observable behaviour
Behaviourism
There is little difference between learning that takes place in humans and…?
Animals
Behaviour is the result of a..?
Stimulus
-response can be reduced to a simple stimulus
How is behavior learnt
From the environment through classical and operant conditioning
Ivan Pavlov (1927) created what type of conditioning
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
Who created operant conditioning
SKINNER (1953)
Classical conditioning is learning by associating what two things
Stimuli and response
The process of classical conditioning
A response naturally caused by one stimulus with another previously neutral stimulus to form a conditioned response
Pavlov’s research into classical conditioning researched what animal
Dogs
Pavlov’s unconditioned stimulus was
FOOD
What was the unconditioned response in Pavlov’s research
SALIVATION
What was the conditioned stimulus in Pavlov’s research
BELL
When alone what would cause the dogs conditioned response (salvation)
conditioned stimulus - bell
What type of conditioning did Skinner research into
Operant conditioning
What type of consequences does operant conditioning focus on
Rewards and punishment
-used in order to change behaviour
In terms of operant conditioning what does positive mean
to give something
- makes a behaviour more likely
in terms of operant conditioning what does negative mean
to take away something
-makes a behaviour more likely
-a car buzzer when you don’t have your seatbelt on
in terms of operant conditioning what does reinforcement mean
to repeat a behaviour
in terms of operant conditioning what does punishment mean
to stop a behaviour
- driver gets speeding ticket
positive reinforcement means
receiving s reward to increase likelihood of repeating the behaviour
-praising a student
negative reinforcement means
removing something to increase the likelihood of a behaviour being repeated
-e.g. avoiding a phobia which removes the anxiety and encourages you to avoid your phobia again
positive punishment means
being given something to reduce behaviour
-e.g. being given more work to do to stop you from misbehaving
negative punishment means
removing something to reduce a behaviour
-e.g. being given detentions and losing your time to stop you from from misbehaving
What animal did skinners research use
RAT
What was the equipment used in skinners research
Skinner box
What was the positive reinforcement in skinners research
The rat would push the lever and it would produce a food pellet - therefore learning the connection and repeating the behavior
What is the negative reinforcement in skinners research
A unpleasant sound is played when the rat presses a button the noise stops
Learning to repeat the behavior to stop the noise
What was the punishment in skinners research
When the rat would push the lever and electric shock went through the floor - soon the rat learnt not to press the button
