The Behaviourist approach

Question 1

Is the behavioral approach environmental or genetic

Answer 1

Environmental

Question 2

Define tabula rasa

Answer 2

Our mind is a blank slate when we are born

Question 3

How MUST behavior be measured in psychology

Answer 3

In highly controlled environments to establish cause and effect

Question 4

What approach is primarily concerned with observable behaviour

Answer 4

Behaviourism

Question 5

There is little difference between learning that takes place in humans and…?

Answer 5

Animals

Question 6

Behaviour is the result of a..?

Answer 6

Stimulus
-response can be reduced to a simple stimulus

Question 7

How is behavior learnt

Answer 7

From the environment through classical and operant conditioning

Question 8

Ivan Pavlov (1927) created what type of conditioning

Answer 8

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

Question 9

Who created operant conditioning

Answer 9

SKINNER (1953)

Question 10

Classical conditioning is learning by associating what two things

Answer 10

Stimuli and response

Question 11

The process of classical conditioning

Answer 11

A response naturally caused by one stimulus with another previously neutral stimulus to form a conditioned response

Question 12

Pavlov’s research into classical conditioning researched what animal

Answer 12

Dogs

Question 13

Pavlov’s unconditioned stimulus was

Answer 13

FOOD

Question 14

What was the unconditioned response in Pavlov’s research

Answer 14

SALIVATION

Question 15

What was the conditioned stimulus in Pavlov’s research

Answer 15

BELL

Question 16

When alone what would cause the dogs conditioned response (salvation)

Answer 16

conditioned stimulus - bell

Question 17

What type of conditioning did Skinner research into

Answer 17

Operant conditioning

Question 18

What type of consequences does operant conditioning focus on

Answer 18

Rewards and punishment
-used in order to change behaviour

Question 19

In terms of operant conditioning what does positive mean

Answer 19

to give something
- makes a behaviour more likely

Question 20

in terms of operant conditioning what does negative mean

Answer 20

to take away something
-makes a behaviour more likely
-a car buzzer when you don’t have your seatbelt on

Question 21

in terms of operant conditioning what does reinforcement mean

Answer 21

to repeat a behaviour

Question 22

in terms of operant conditioning what does punishment mean

Answer 22

to stop a behaviour
- driver gets speeding ticket

Question 23

positive reinforcement means

Answer 23

receiving s reward to increase likelihood of repeating the behaviour
-praising a student

Question 24

negative reinforcement means

Answer 24

removing something to increase the likelihood of a behaviour being repeated
-e.g. avoiding a phobia which removes the anxiety and encourages you to avoid your phobia again

Question 25

positive punishment means

Answer 25

being given something to reduce behaviour
-e.g. being given more work to do to stop you from misbehaving

Question 26

negative punishment means

Answer 26

removing something to reduce a behaviour
-e.g. being given detentions and losing your time to stop you from from misbehaving

Question 27

What animal did skinners research use

Answer 27

RAT

Question 28

What was the equipment used in skinners research

Answer 28

Skinner box

Question 29

What was the positive reinforcement in skinners research

Answer 29

The rat would push the lever and it would produce a food pellet - therefore learning the connection and repeating the behavior

Question 30

What is the negative reinforcement in skinners research

Answer 30

A unpleasant sound is played when the rat presses a button the noise stops
Learning to repeat the behavior to stop the noise

Question 31

What was the punishment in skinners research

Answer 31

When the rat would push the lever and electric shock went through the floor - soon the rat learnt not to press the button