The Behaviourist Approach Flashcards
What is this an example of?
A smoker has a cigarette whenever they feel stressed.
Negative reinforcement
What is this an example of?
Every time a dog goes to the toilet on a carpet, it has its nose rubbed in it.
Punishment.
What is this an example of?
A mother continues breast feeding when her baby smiles at her.
Positive reinforcement.
What is a stimulus?
An event that causes a response
What is a response?
An action made because a stimulus is detected
What does innate mean?
Instinctive / inborn
What does condition mean?
It’s learned
What does this approach focus on?
The behaviour of an individual. The idea that external forces shape our behaviour, and all behaviour is learnt (nurture rather than nature)
What did Ivan Pavlov do?
He demonstrated the process of classical conditioning in dogs.
In Pavlov’s experiment, what is the neutral stimulus?
The bell
In Pavlov’s experiment, what is the unconditioned response?
The food
In simple terms, what is conditioning?
Learning by association.
Real world application - programmed training.
This is often used in conjunction with computer programmes where the task usually encourage the right answer and the questions gradually get more difficult.
Real world application - behaviour modification technique
These are highly successful in dealing with anger management and child-rearing problems - unwanted behaviour is not rewarded and desired behaviour is rewarded. It should be noted that punishment is unlikely to change behaviour - it just represses it. When the deterrent is taken away, the undesirable behaviour often returns.
