Approaches - Definitions

Question 1

Define punishment.

Answer 1

An unpleasant consequence of behaviour.

For example, shouting at a cat for scratching a child.

Question 2

Define positive reinforcement.

Answer 2

Receiving a reward when a certain behaviour is performed.

For example, praising a child when he wins an award.

Question 3

What is the Social Learning Approach?

Answer 3

The behaviourist approach, including classical conditioning and Pavlov’s research, operant conditioning, types of reinforcement and Skinner’s research; social learning theory including imitation, identification, modelling, vicarious reinforcement, the role of mediation all processes and Bandura’s research

Question 4

What is this cognitive approach?

Answer 4

The study of internal mental processes, the role of the scheme, the use of theoretical and computer models to explain and make inferences about mental processes. The emergence of congestive neuroscience.

Question 5

Define negative reinforcement.

Answer 5

Occurs when an animal avoids something unpleasant.

For example when a student hands in homework to avoid being told off.