The behavioural approach to explaining phobias

Question 1

behavioural approach

Answer 1

a way explaining behaviour in terms of what is observable and terms of learning

Question 2

The 2 process model – ways phobias are acquired..

Answer 2

• Acquisition by classical conditioning

- Maintenance by operating conditioning

Question 3

Classical conditioning

Answer 3

• acquisition
• learning by association
• occurs when 2 stimuli are repeatedly paired together - an unconditional (unlearned) stimulus (UCS) and a new ‘neutral’ stimulus (NS). The neutral stimulus eventually produces the same response that was first produced by the unlearned stimulus alone.

Question 4

classical conditioning research for explaining phobias

Answer 4

WATSON & RAYNER
created a phobia in a 9 month old baby called ‘Little Albert’.
showed no unusual anxiety at start of study.
When shown a white rat he tried to play with it

However, when the rat was presented the experimenter made a loud, frightening noise by banging and iron bar close to Albert’s ear.
–> creates unconditioned response of fear

Question 5

Operant conditioning

Answer 5

• maintenance
• behaviour is shaped and maintained by its consequences.
• Possible consequences of behaviour include positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement or punishment