The behavioural Approach

Question 1

Explain classical conditioning:

Answer 1

IT IS LEARNING THROUGH ASSOCIATION. e.g. Pavlov’s dog salivation experiment. They learned to associate the sound of The bell with the food and provide saliva every time.

Question 2

Define generalisation:

Answer 2

When conditioned responses could occur to stimuli similar to the original condition stimuli.

Question 3

Define operant conditioning:

Answer 3

LEARNING THROUGH CONSEQUENCES. It is the idea that behaviour is shaped and maintained by consequences which can be rewarding or punishing.

Question 4

Describe the different types of reinforcement:

Answer 4

Reinforcement makes behaviour more likely. Positive reinforcement results in rewards. Negative reinforcement results in escaping/avoiding punishment.

Question 5

What is the role of punishment?

Answer 5

To make behaviour less likely.

Question 6

What did Skinner do through his research?

Answer 6

He proved that our behaviour can be shaped through experience.
e.g. Token economy (prison=rewards)

Question 7

What does Behaviourism focus on?

Answer 7

Exclusively on things that can be observed and measured, rather than internal thoughts and unconscious processes.