The Begginnings Of Change: The Impacts Of Renaissance Flashcards
What is Renaissance?
This is a period in history which flourished in late 1400s. It began in Florence, Italy, with wealthy businessmen and traders. Being interested in the world of the Ancient Greek and Romans and paid educated people to translate their work. At the same time the reformation was challenging accepted religious ideas.
What did the renaissance lead to…
People were inspired by the Greeks love of learning but they also become critical of old texts. People no longer just accepted what they were told but began to ask questions, look for evidence and experiment with new ideas. People wanted to be educated in art, music, science and literature to improve their lives. Since people’s in ancient knowledge grew, the renaissance is considered a period of ‘rebirth’. For centuries people had accepted the ideas of the church but now wanted to find the answers for themselves.
What did Vesalius discover?
A surgeon that carried out dissection on human bodies. He believed that anatomy was key to understanding how the human body worked.
How did Vesalius challenge previous medical knowledge?
Proved animal anatomy was different from human beings which, challenged Galen’s original ideas.
What did Edward Jenner discover?
Found that infecting a person with cowpox (mild form) vaccinated people against small pox which killed 30% of the people who were infected.
How did Edward Jenner challenge previous medical knowledge?
Looked at preventing disease rather than caring for the sick. Challenging knowledge of disease and 4 Humours and God. They believed God caused diseases as repayment for sins.
What did Paré discover?
He learned his skills in the army as a surgeon. He found using rose oil, egg white and turpentine instead of hot boiling oil to cauterise wounds. He found it worked better. He also used ligatures to stop bleeding.
What did William Harvey discover?
He spent along time studying blood through dissection and experiments and found blood circulates the body and was driven by the heart.
How did William Harvey challenge previous medical knowledge?
Dissected human bodies and challenged Galen’s idea that new blood was constantly created in the liver.
What did John Hunter discover?
Made discoveries about the nature of diseases, infections, cancer and the blood circulation. He was one of the best surgeons of his time.
How did John Hunter challenge previous knowledge?
Set up large practises and trained hundreds of doctors/surgeons including Edward Jenner. Dissected human bodies in order to understand them and study them.
What is Thomas Guy’s Hospital and how did it challenge previous medical knowledge?
In early 18th century modern hospitals were set up which were funded and supported by private people.
It trained doctors rather than hire monks and priests and cured patients rather than care for them.
How did the ‘new world’ affect renaissance?
Explorers, sailors, merchants used more accurate maps. The discovery of America in the Kate 1400s showed the value of new things and making discoveries rather than sticking to old ideas. New food and medicines were also brought back from the new world.
How did science and technology affect the renaissance period?
- a new desire to show the human form in more realistic detail and led artists to study the body more carefully.
- a scientific method of learning begins which involved observation, hypothesis and experimentation. Much of started with doctors and scientists reading books from Ancient Greece and Rome. Soon scholars began to question old established beliefs.
What was the printing press?
The printing press made in 1451 allowed new ideas to spread quickly around Europe and old and new books to be studied. It printed pages far more quickly and accurately than before. More people could now read ancient book as well as books on new discoveries.
How did war affect renaissance?
New technology such as gun powder meant injured soldiers got new types of wounds. As a result doctors had to find new ways to deal with these wounds. Some used new scientific methods of learning to find out better ways to treat injuries.
Who dominated medical knowledge in Medieval Europe before Vesalius?
Galen dominated medial knowledge before Vesalius and reigned over medical knowledge for over 15 centuries after his death.
How/ where did Vesalius learn his medical knowledge?
He graduated at 23 with a high degree. He went to the university of of Padua in Italy.
What did Vesalius dissect? And how was his teaching style different from medieval teaching?
Human bodies and some animals. He has illustrative teaching methods with a step by step instruction guide.
Why was vesalius’ text book revolutionary?
His text book was called the ‘Fabrica’ and was revolutionary because his illustrations were so detailed.
How did Vesalius hell medical development?
- through careful observation, he found that Galen’s findings were wrong because they were based on animal dissections.
- although his work did not lead to any medical cures, it was the basis for better treatment in the future.
- his dissections were popular. He promoted human dissection as a way to discover more about the body and as a way that students could learn about the body. Also dissected animals to show how Galen had gained his knowledge: the breastbone in a human has 3 parts, not 7 like an ape.
What impact did Vesalius have in medicine?
- his work was soon appreciated in England. Within in 2 years of being published an Italian printer, Thomas Geminus published compendiosa , a book which used all all of Vesalius’ illustrations. It was used as a manual for barber surgeons in London to learn the trade.
- in the latter half of 16th century many copies of his book influenced and inspired many English surgeons.
- showed others how to do proper dissections and famous 16th century anatomists who followed his approach such as Fabricus, Cculumbo and Fallopius used dissections to find out more about specific body parts.
What sort of opposition did Vesalius face?
- faces heavy criticism far daring to say Galen was wrong. He was correcting errors made by greatly respected anatomists and doctors whose ideas had been believed in for thousands of years. As a result he had to leave his job in Padua.
- when other doctors observed the same differences as Vesalius, they blamed that particular body they were dissecting or said human anatomy had changed since Galen’s time.
How were gunshot wounds treated before paré and why?
Burning oil because they thought the wound was poisonous and it was the only way to prevent it spreading.