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Nail Technology > The Basics of Chemistry > Flashcards

The Basics of Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is a chemical

A

Anything you can see or touch except light and electricity

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2
Q

Organic Chemistry

A

The study of substances that contain carbon.
(all living things that were once alive)

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3
Q

Examples of organic substances

A

poison ivy, gasoline, motor oil, plastics, synthetics, fabrics, pesticides, and fertilizers

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4
Q

What does organic not mean?

A

Natural or healthy

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5
Q

What does organic mean?

A

The substance contains both carbon and hydrogen from either natural or synthetic sources

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6
Q

Inorganic Chemistry

A

Substances that do not contain carbon but may contain hydrogen

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7
Q

What are some inorganic chemicals

A

metals, minerals, glass, water, and air

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8
Q

Titanium dioxide, a white pigment used to whiten polymer powders and uv gels in nails polish to provide better coverage is an example of inorganic substance

A

Titanium dioxide, a white pigment used to whiten polymer powders and uv gels in nails polish to provide better coverage is an example of inorganic substance

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9
Q

Matter

A

Any substance that occupies space and has mass (weight)

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10
Q

All matter is made from chemicals, so everything made out of matter is a chemical. Matter has physical properties that you can touch taste smell or see

A

All matter is made from chemicals, so everything made out of matter is a chemical. Matter has physical properties that you can touch taste smell or see

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11
Q

energy is not matter, everything known to exist in the universe is either made of matter or energy

A

energy is not matter, everything known to exist in the universe is either made of matter or energy

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11
Q

What are two forms of energy

A

light and electricity

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12
Q

Element

A

The simplest form of chemical matter and cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without a loss of identity

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13
Q

How many naturally occurring elements are there?

A

90

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14
Q

what is O for?

A

Oxygen

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15
Q

What is C for?

A

Carbon

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16
Q

Atoms

A

Chemical particles from which all matter is composed; all matter is made entirely of chemicals

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17
Q

An atom is the smallest chemical particle of an element that retains the same properties of that element.

A

An atom is the smallest chemical particle of an element that retains the same properties of that element.

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18
Q

What can atoms not do?

A

Be divided into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means

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19
Q

Molecule

A

A chemical combination of two or more different types of atoms

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20
Q

Millions of chemical reactions occur in the body every second, which is what keeps us alive

A

Millions of chemical reactions occur in the body every second, which is what keeps us alive

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21
Q

Compound molecules

A

Made by combining two or more atoms of different elements

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22
Q

Sodium chloride (NaCI), or common table salt, is a chemical compound that contains one atom of the element sodium (Na) and one atom of the element chlorine (CI)

A

Sodium chloride (NaCI), or common table salt, is a chemical compound that contains one atom of the element sodium (Na) and one atom of the element chlorine (CI)

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23
Q

What are the three different forms of physical matter

A

solid,liquid, and gas

24
Q

What do liquids have?

A

A definite volume but not a definite shape

25
Q

What is a special form of plasma that behaves like a gas?

A

Plasma

26
Q

Vapor

A

A liquid that has evaporated into a “gas like” state but is not gas

27
Q

What does vapor turn back into when they cool down enough?

A

Liquid

28
Q

what do physical properties include?

A

color, size, weight, hardness, odor, and gloss

29
Q

chemical properties

A

Characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the substance

30
Q

When does a physical change occur?

A
  1. when an abrasive file is used on the nail plate and both the nail plate and the file are changed
  2. when nail polish dissolves in a solvent, it is not chemically changed
31
Q

What are some pure substances?

A

atoms, elements, elemental molecules, and compound molecules

32
Q

what is saltwater

A

a physical mixture of salt and water

33
Q

What is a solution?

A

A stable uniform blend of two or more substances

34
Q

Miscible

A

Liquids are mutually soluble (They can be mixed together to form stable solutions that cannot be easily separated)

35
Q

Immiscible

A

Liquids are not capable of being mixed into stable solutions.

36
Q

What is an example of immiscible liquids?

A

water and oil

37
Q

What are solutions?

A

Soluble mixtures created when all solid particles have completely dissolved and all liquid components are completely soluble

38
Q

What are suspensions?

A

Unstable mixtures of undissolved particles floating in a liquid.

39
Q

What do suspensions contain?

A

larger and less miscible particles than solutions

40
Q

what does an emulsifier bring together?

A

Brings together two normally incompatible materials together and binds them into a uniform and fairly stable blend

41
Q

How long can a formulated emulsion, stored under ideal conditions be stable?

A

Up to 3 years

42
Q

What is the head of the surfactant molecule?

A

Hydrophilic (water loving)

43
Q

What is the tail of the surfactant molecule?

A

Liophilic (oil loving)

44
Q

What is an example of an oil in water emulsion made of two normally immiscible liquids?

A

Mayonnaise

45
Q

What are example of oil in water emulsion in the salon?

A

Lotions and creams

46
Q

What are some examples of semisolid mixtures made with any combination of petroleum?

A

ointments, pastes, pomades, and styling waxes

47
Q

Glycerin

A

A sweet colorless oily substance

48
Q

Silicones

A

Special type of ingredient used in nail polish dryers and as skin protectants

49
Q

Volatile Organic Compounds

A

Compounds that contain carbon (organic) and evaporate very quickly (meaning they are volatile)

50
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom or molecule that carries an unbalanced electrical charge

51
Q

What does ionization cause?

A

Causes an atom or molecule to split in two, creating a pair of ions with opposite electrical charges

52
Q

Acidic

A

The more hydrogen ions there are in a substance the more acidic it will be

53
Q

What are the products that can have a pH?

A

products containing water

54
Q

What does the pH scale measure?

A

It measures the acidity and alkalinity of a substance.

55
Q

What is the range of the pH scale?

A

It has a range of 0 to 14. a pH of 7 indicates a neutral solution

56
Q

What is the pH scale of pure water?

A

7 (an equal balance of acid and alkaline)

57
Q

What is the pH scale of acids?

A

below 7.0 and turn litmus paper from blue to red

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