Skin Structure, Growth and Nutrition Flashcards
Dermatologist
A physician who practices the treating of the skin , its structures, functions, and diseases
What is the largest organ in the body?
The skin
What is the thinnest skin of the body?
The skin under the eyes
Epidermis
The outermost and thinnest layer of the skin
Stratum Spinosum
The spiny layer just above the basal cell layer
What produces melanocytes
stratum germinativium with column shaped cells
what do melanocytes produce?
melanin
what does melanin help protect
protects the sensitive cells in the dermis from exposure to ultraviolet energy
Dermis
The underlying or inner layer of the skin
Papillary Layer
The outer layer of the dermis directly beneath the epidermis
Reticular Layer
The deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with all of its oxygen and nutrients
Subcutaneous Tissue
A fatty layer found below the dermis
Adipose or (subcutis) varies in…
thickness according to the age, gender, weight, and general health of the individual
Lymph
The clear fluids of the body that resemble blood plasma
What does the lymph do
Bathes the skin cells removes toxins and other cellular waste,
What do Sensory Nerve Fibers react to?
heat, cold, touch, pressure, and pain. (sends messages to the brain
Melanin
The tiny grains of pigment deposited into cells in the basal cell layer of the epidermis and papillary layer
What are the two types of melanin the body produces
pheomelanin (red to yellow in color and eumelanin (which is dark brown to black
What does wearing sunscreen of 15 up to 50 do for the skin
protects it from burning and from receiving damage that can lead to skin cancer or premature aging
What does the skin get its strength, form, and flexibility from
Collagen and Elastin (found in the dermis)
Collagen
Fibrous protein that gives the skin form and strength
Elastin
A protein similar to collagen that forms elastic tissue
What does elastin help the skin do
It helps the skin regain its shape
What are the glands of the skin?
sudoriferous glands, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands
What controls the secretion of sweat
The nervous system
How much is eliminated daily through sweat pores
one to two pints of liquids containing salts
Squalene
a moisturizer and lubricant that replenishes the skin
Where are squalene glands mostly found
all parts of the body excluding the palms and soles and are larger on the face and the scalp
What does the epidermis prevent
the absorption of a very large majority of what comes in contact with the skin (including cosmetic ingredients)
Secretion
Sebum is an oil created by the sebaceous glands
What is Vitamin C needed for?
proper repair of the skin and various tissues
what does vitamin c do for the skin
speeds up the healing process
How much water makes up the human body
60 percent
What determines how much water an individual needs
depends on body weight and the level of daily physical activity
How much cups of water should women have a day
9 cups
How much cups of water should men have a day
12 cups
How does the sun negatively impact our skin
impacts how our skin ages
what does UVA energy
causes the skin to tan
UVB energy
Contributes to the body’s synthesis of vitamin d
When should you avoid the sun
between 10am and 3pm
who is the most susceptible to sun damage
redheads and blue eyed blondes with pale skin
what causes the contraction and the weakening of the blood vessels
inhaling nicotine and tobacco
Telangiectasias
Heavy intake of alcohol can over dilate blood vessels and capillary walls
What lesions is the nail tech concerned with
primary and secondary lesions only
Bulla
A large blister containing a watery fluid
Macule
A spot or discoloration on the skin such as a freckle. ( Macules are neither raised or sunken)
Pustule
An inflamed pimple containing pus
Keloid
A thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue
Hematoma
a collection of blood trapped underneath the nail
Anhidrosis
A deficiency in perspiration often a result of fever or certain skin diseases
Basal Cell Carcinoma
The most common type and the least severe cancer (light or pearly nodules)
What is the margin between the nail enhancement application and the living skin
1/16’’
what can the use of incorrect polymer powder with your monomer do
improper curing
To avoid allergies what should you do when working with monomer liquids and polymer powders and UV’s
Never mix your own special product blends
Why can cleansers, detergents, and hand sanitizers worsen the problem for contact dermatitis
strips away sebum and other natural skin chemicals
