The Basics FINAL

Question 1

Six Rights of Safe Medication Administration

Answer 1

1. Right drug
2. Right patient
3. Right dose
4. Right route
5. Right time
6. Right documentation

Question 2

Nurses Rights to Safety & Quality for Med Administration

Answer 2

● Complete or clear orders
● Six rights
● Access to information
● Policies to guide safe administration
● Administer medications safely and to identify system problems
● Stop, think, and be vigilant when administering medication

Question 3

The process by which congenital malformations are produced in embryo or fetus

Answer 3

Teratogenesis

Question 4

Which trimester is the fetus most vulnerable?

Answer 4

1st trimester

Question 5

Drug therapy considerations during pregnancy

Answer 5

● Placental transfer
● Adverse reactions
● Physiological changes related to pregnancy
● Breastfeeding consideration

Question 6

Teratogenic med categories

Answer 6

● Category A: fails to show risk to fetus
● Category B: animal studies shows no risk to fetus
● Category C: studies in animals have shown adverse effects to fetus
● Category D: confirmed human fetal risk (risk v. benefit)
● Category X: animal and human studies have shown fetal risk (contraindicated)

Question 7

More specific dosage calc for children because

Answer 7

children are less developed than adults

Question 8

Pharmacology consideration for older adults

Answer 8

more vulnerable due to the aging process

Question 9

Polypharmacy

Answer 9

occurs when a person is taking many different medications at the same time

Question 10

Increased number of drugs leads to an

Answer 10

increased risk of adverse side effects

Question 11

Adherence concerns in older adults

Answer 11

-Patient may not fully understand drug regimen.
-Nonadherence may cause underdosing.
-Nonadherence may cause overdosing.
-Barriers to effective drug use by the older adult
-Medication education extremely important

Question 12

The study of drugs and their interaction with living systems

Answer 12

Pharmacology

Question 13

Properties of an ideal drug

Answer 13

effectiveness & selectivity

Question 14

Effectiveness

Answer 14

a drug that elicits the response it was meant to

Question 15

Selectivity

Answer 15

a drug that elicits only one response for which it was given

Question 16

Can you crush or chew enteric-coated tablets (barrier to prevent GI upset)?

Answer 16

No- can cause drug toxicity and lead to fatal OD or oropharyngeal irritation

Question 17

Additional guidelines to Safe Medication Administration

Answer 17

● Check expirations dates
● NEVER leave medication unattended
● Two patient identifiers
● Stay with the patient until medication is fully administered
● Record results and effectiveness
● Only administer drugs that you prepared

Question 18

What is the grapefruit juice effect?

Answer 18

Instead of the drug being metabolized in the body, more drug enters the bloodstream, resulting in too much drug in the body

Question 19

The process of drug movement throughout the body necessary to achieve drug action

What the BODY does to the drug

Answer 19

Pharmacokinetics

Question 20

Movement of the drug outside of the body to the bloodstream

Answer 20

Absorption

Question 21

The journey of the drug through the bloodstream to various tissues of the body

Answer 21

Distribution

Question 22

How the drug is broken down; biotransformation

Answer 22

Metabolism

Question 23

Where does metabolism primarily take place?

Answer 23

liver

Question 24

Where does excretion primarily take place?

Answer 24

kidneys

Question 25

Activates the desired response

Answer 25

agonist

Question 26

Less effect than a full agonist

Answer 26

partial agonist

Question 27

Blocks a response

Answer 27

antagonist

Question 28

Peripheral nervous system includes the

Answer 28

autonomic and somatic nervous systems

Question 29

The Autonomic nervous system includes the

Answer 29

sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

Question 30

Fight or Flight

Answer 30

sympathetic

Question 31

PNS regulates

Answer 31

HR, BP, and vascular constriction

Question 32

Rest and digest

Answer 32

parasympathetic