The Basics FINAL Flashcards
Six Rights of Safe Medication Administration
- Right drug
- Right patient
- Right dose
- Right route
- Right time
- Right documentation
Nurses Rights to Safety & Quality for Med Administration
● Complete or clear orders
● Six rights
● Access to information
● Policies to guide safe administration
● Administer medications safely and to identify system problems
● Stop, think, and be vigilant when administering medication
The process by which congenital malformations are produced in embryo or fetus
Teratogenesis
Which trimester is the fetus most vulnerable?
1st trimester
Drug therapy considerations during pregnancy
● Placental transfer
● Adverse reactions
● Physiological changes related to pregnancy
● Breastfeeding consideration
Teratogenic med categories
● Category A: fails to show risk to fetus
● Category B: animal studies shows no risk to fetus
● Category C: studies in animals have shown adverse effects to fetus
● Category D: confirmed human fetal risk (risk v. benefit)
● Category X: animal and human studies have shown fetal risk (contraindicated)
More specific dosage calc for children because
children are less developed than adults
Pharmacology consideration for older adults
more vulnerable due to the aging process
Polypharmacy
occurs when a person is taking many different medications at the same time
Increased number of drugs leads to an
increased risk of adverse side effects
Adherence concerns in older adults
-Patient may not fully understand drug regimen.
-Nonadherence may cause underdosing.
-Nonadherence may cause overdosing.
-Barriers to effective drug use by the older adult
-Medication education extremely important
The study of drugs and their interaction with living systems
Pharmacology
Properties of an ideal drug
effectiveness & selectivity
Effectiveness
a drug that elicits the response it was meant to
Selectivity
a drug that elicits only one response for which it was given
Can you crush or chew enteric-coated tablets (barrier to prevent GI upset)?
No- can cause drug toxicity and lead to fatal OD or oropharyngeal irritation
Additional guidelines to Safe Medication Administration
● Check expirations dates
● NEVER leave medication unattended
● Two patient identifiers
● Stay with the patient until medication is fully administered
● Record results and effectiveness
● Only administer drugs that you prepared
What is the grapefruit juice effect?
Instead of the drug being metabolized in the body, more drug enters the bloodstream, resulting in too much drug in the body
The process of drug movement throughout the body necessary to achieve drug action
What the BODY does to the drug
Pharmacokinetics
Movement of the drug outside of the body to the bloodstream
Absorption
The journey of the drug through the bloodstream to various tissues of the body
Distribution
How the drug is broken down; biotransformation
Metabolism
Where does metabolism primarily take place?
liver
Where does excretion primarily take place?
kidneys
Activates the desired response
agonist
Less effect than a full agonist
partial agonist
Blocks a response
antagonist
Peripheral nervous system includes the
autonomic and somatic nervous systems
The Autonomic nervous system includes the
sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
Fight or Flight
sympathetic
PNS regulates
HR, BP, and vascular constriction
Rest and digest
parasympathetic
