Diuretics Flashcards
Promote sodium and water loss → decrease blood volume → lower BP
Diuretics
Types of Diuretics
- Thiazide and thiazide-like
- Loop diuretics
- Potassium-sparing diuretics
- Osmotic diuretics
Act on the distal convoluted renal tubule to promote Na, chloride, &
water excretion
Treats HTN, peripheral edema, and HF (w/ACEi)
Thiazide & Thiazide-like diuretics
Ex: Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ, Microzide)
Side effects of thiazide diuretics
-fluid & electrolyte imbalances
-dizziness, HA, N/V, constipation
Adverse effects of thiazide diuretics
-significant hypokalemia (potassium wasting)
-dehydration
-renal failure
S/sx of hypokalemia
A SIC WALT
Alkalosis
Shallow respirations
Irritability
Confusion, drowsiness
Weakness, fatigue
Arrythmias
Lethargy
Thready pulse
Decreased intestinal motility, N/V, ileus
Act on ascending Loop of Henle to inhibit chloride transport of sodium into circulation; Inhibit reabsorption of sodium; there is more sodium and water in the nephron
Used for heart failure, liver impairment (ascites), pulmonary edema, HTN, hypercalcemia
Loop diuretics
The most powerful diuretics
Ex: furosemide (Lasix)
Side effects of loop diuretics
-fluid & electrolyte imbalances
-high cholesterol
-orthostatic hypotension
-dehydration
Adverse effects of loop diuretics
-ototoxicity
-dysrhythmias
Diuresis without affecting blood potassium levels
Promotes sodium & water excretion, promotes potassium retention
Interfere with Na/K pump controlled by aldosterone
Used to treat edema, HTN, HF, and hypokalemia
Potassium-sparing diuretics
Ex: spironolactone (Aldactone)
Side effects of Potassium sparing diuretics
N/V, diarrhea, dizziness, impotence, muscle cramps
Adverse effects of Potassium sparing diuretics
- orthostatic hypotension
- fainting
- hyponatremia
- hyperkalemia
- hyperglycemia
- hypocalcemia
Nursing interventions for Potassium sparing diuretics
Administer spironolactone in the morning to avoid nocturia
Teach pts to avoid foods high in Potassium and salt substitutes
Increases osmotic pressure in plasma, extracts fluid from cells in brain
Used to decrease ICP and intraocular pressure (glaucoma)
Osmotic diuretic
Ex: mannitol (Osmitrol)
Side effects & adverse effects of Osmotic diuretics
fluid and electrolyte imbalances, pulmonary edema, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, and acidosis
