Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm > Antidiabetics > Flashcards

Antidiabetics Flashcards

1
Q

Caused by absolute lack of insulin secretion; Due to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islet cells

A

Type I Diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Methods of insulin administration

A

Syringe
Insulin pumps
Insulin pen injectors
Insulin jet injectors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How to mix insulin

A

Draw up the Clear (Fast acting)
Before the Cloudy (Long acting)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Thickening of tissue around the injection site

A

Lipohypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Deep, retracted scar on the skin the results from serious damage to SQ fatty tissue

A

Lipoatrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why is site rotation important?

A

Site rotation is important to avoid side effects of lipohypertrophy and lipoatrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Only regular insulin can be given intravenously.

True or False

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Routes of insulin administration

A

Subq and IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Onset: 15 min
Peak: 1-2 hrs
Duration: 3-5 hrs
Admin: SQ, within 15 min of meals

A

Rapid-acting (clear)

Ex: Lispro, aspart, & glulisine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Onset: 30-60 min
Peak: 2.5 hrs
Duration: 6-10 hrs
Admin: SQ, 30-60 in before meals, can be IV

A

Short-acting (clear)

Ex: Regular (Humulin R, Novolin R)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Onset: 1-2 hrs
Peak: 4-8 hrs
Duration: 10-18 hrs
Admin: SQ, mix (cloudy)

A

Intermediate acting (cloudy)

Ex: Insulin isophane (NPH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Onset: Lantus 1-2 hrs, Levemir gradual
Peak: Lantus none, Levemir 6-8 hrs
Duration: Lantus 24 hours, Levemir up to 24 hrs
Admin: SQ, once or twice a day, same time each day

A

Long acting

Ex: glargine (Lantus) & detemir (Levemir)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Can long acting insulin be mixed with other insulins?

A

No!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Promote use of glucose by body cells, store glucose as glycogen in muscles

Reduce blood glucose

A

Insulins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

-Adjusted doses dependent on individual blood glucose
-Usually done before eating and at bedtime
-Usually uses rapid or short-acting insulin

A

Sliding-scale insulin coverage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Adverse effects of insulin

A

Adverse effects – hypoglycemia (insulin shock)

Can result from:
Insulin overdose
Improper timing of insulin dose
Skipping a meal

17
Q

Insulin side effects

A

Hypoglycemia & hyperglycemia

18
Q

Headache, dizziness, confusion, slurred speech
Nervousness, anxiety, agitation
Tremors, incoordination, sweating, tachycardia, seizures

A

Sx of hypoglycemia

19
Q

Extreme thirst, dry mucous membranes
Poor skin turgor, polyuria, fruity breath
Fatigue, tachycardia, Kussmaul respirations

A

Sx of hyperglycemia

20
Q

Hyperglycemia upon awakening

A

Dawn phenomenon

21
Q

Rapid decrease in blood glucose during night stimulates hormonal release to increase blood glucose

Occurs in predawn hours

A

Somogyi effect

22
Q

Insulin resistant

Controlled through lifestyle changes

A

Type II Diabetes

23
Q

Drugs used to manage type 2 diabetes
-Two or more different types for best control
-May occasionally need insulin

Goals:
Normal blood glucose levels
Reduced blood fat levels
Normal body weight

A

Oral antidiabetic drugs

24
Q

Side effects & adverse effects for oral antidiabetic drugs

A

Side effects – NVD, rash

Adverse effects – severe hypoglycemia

25
Q

Drugs that directly stimulate beta cells in the pancreas to secrete more insulin

Indirectly alters sensitivity of peripheral insulin receptors, allowing increased insulin binding

Uses: control hyperglycemia in type 2 DM

Take once or twice a day

A

2nd gen Sulfonylureas

Ex: glipizide (Glucotrol)

26
Q

Side effects & adverse effects of glipizide (Glucotrol)

A

-Hypoglycemia (especially in individuals who drink alcohol while taking)
-GI distress, weight gain
-Drowsiness, dizziness, confusion
-Blood dyscrasias (agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia) hepatic failure

27
Q

Drugs that stimulate pancreatic beta cells to release insulin (action similar to sulfonylureas)

Short-acting

Take 15-30 minutes before each meal

A

Meglitinides

Ex: nateglinide (Starlix) and repaglinide (Prandin)

28
Q

Meglitinides are contraindicated in pts w/

A

Liver dysfunction (decrease liver metabolism, more drug in the body, could cause hypoglycemia)

29
Q

Act on liver to reduce release of glucose from stored glycogen

Increase cell sensitivity to insulin (does not cause hypoglycemia)

Reduce absorption of glucose from intestinal tract

A

Biguanides

Ex: Metformin (Glucophage)

30
Q

Iodinated contrast media can increase risk of renal failure and lactic acidosis when taking metformin (Glucophage). How long does the drug need to be held before and after testing w/ contrast?

A

48 hrs

31
Q

Drugs that block enzymes in small intestine responsible for release of glucose from complex carbohydrates in the diet

Digestion of glucose is delayed. Carbohydrates must be in monosaccharide form to be absorbed.

Most common side effects are GI related (diarrhea, bloating, flatulence)

A

Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors

Ex: acarbose (Precose)

Pharm (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions