The Basics Flashcards
What is the best way to obtain a full and accurate exam on a child?
Distraction
Pediatric “Red Flags”
- Sleepy/Lethargic
- Not interactive with caregiver
- Looking overly tired
- Labored breathing
- Poor color
- Parental concern
Motor Development:
Newborns
Primitive reflexes,
Fixing gaze,
Flexed posture/fisted hands
Motor Development:
2 Months
Smiles,
Less flexed,
Visually tracks
Motor Development:
4 Months
Hands to midline,
Rolls front to back
Motor Development:
5 Months
Rolls back to front
Motor Development:
6 Months
Sits,
Unilateral reach,
Raking grasp
Motor Development:
8 Months
Crawls,
Immature pincer grasp
Motor Development:
9 Months
Cruises,
Claps
Motor Development:
12 Months
Walks with help
Social/Language Development:
Newborn
Cries to communicate ALL needs
Social/Language Development:
6 Weeks
Social smile
Social/Language Development:
2 Months
Cooing
Social/Language Development:
6 Months
Babbles (repetitive consonants)
Social/Language Development:
9 Months
Says “Ma Ma” & “Da Da”,
Object permanence
Social/Language Development:
12 Months
Understands much,
Says 2 words
Social/Language Development:
18 Months
10 words, maybe many more
Social/Language Development:
2 Years
2 word sentences
Social/Language Development:
3 Years
3 word sentences
What is the normal HR for:
Newborns - 3mo
80-205 bpm
What is the normal HR for:
3mo - 2 Years
75-190 bpm
What is the normal HR for:
2 - 10 Years
60-140 bpm
What is the normal HR for:
> 10 Years
50-100 bpm
What is the normal respiratory rate for:
Infants (birth - 12mo)
30-60
What is the normal respiratory rate for:
Toddlers (1 - 2 Years)
24-40
What is the normal respiratory rate for:
Preschoolers (3 - 4 Years)
22-34
What is the normal respiratory rate for: School Age (5 - 12 Years)
18-30
What is the normal respiratory rate for:
Adolescents (13 - 19 Years)
12-16
What are the three major evaluation pearls?
- General appearance
- Resp effort & energy level
- Circulation
This is the term used to describe noisy UPPER airway breathing:
Stridor
This is the drug used to treat Stridor (upper airway):
Racemic Epinephrine
This is the term used to describe noisy LOWER airway breathing:
Wheezing
This is the drug used to treat Wheezing (lower airway):
Albuterol
How much weight does a child usually gain by 6mos?
They should double their birth weight
How much weight does a child usually gain by 1yo?
They should triple their birth weight
How much weight does a child usually gain between 1 and 2yo?
Typically 5lbs/year from 1-2yo and 2-5yo
True/False: A newborn will lose 5-10% of their birth weight
True. Once born, a child is at max perinatal weight, will lose some ounces of weight after first meconium (thus, 72hr check will likely be lower than birth weight). Will stabilize by ~2weeks and will start to gain weight and grow quickly.
