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Module 4 Chemistry > The Basic Principle of Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

The Basic Principle of Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the general formula?

A

This is an algebraic formula that can describe any member of a family of compounds.

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2
Q

What is the empirical formula?

A

This is the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.

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3
Q

What is the molecular formula?

A

This is the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule.

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4
Q

What is meant by the structural formula?

A

This shows the arrangement of atoms carbon by carbon, with the attached hydrogens and functional groups.

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5
Q

What is the skeletal formula?

A

This shows the bonds of the carbon skeleton only, with any functional groups. Hydrogen and carbon atoms aren’t shown.

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6
Q

What is the displayed formula?

A

This shows how all of the atoms are arranged and all of the bonds between them.

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7
Q

What is meant by homologous series?

A

This is a group of organic compounds that have the same general formula and functional group.

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8
Q

What do consecutive members of homologous series differ by?

A

-CH2-

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9
Q

What is the suffix for alkanes?

A

-ane

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10
Q

What is the suffix for branched alkanes?

A

-yl

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11
Q

What is the suffix for alkenes?

A

-ene

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12
Q

What is the prefix for haloalkanes?

A

chloro-/bromo-/iodo-

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13
Q

What is the suffix for alcohols?

A

-ol

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14
Q

What is the suffix for aldehydes?

A

-al

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15
Q

What is the suffix for ketones?

A

-one

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16
Q

What is the prefix and suffix for cycloalkanes?

A

cyclo-…-ane

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17
Q

What is the suffix for carboxylic acids?

A

-oic acid

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18
Q

What is the prefix and suffix for esters?

A

alkyl-…-anoate

19
Q

What are the two types of carbon skeleton?

A

Aromatic and alphatic.

20
Q

What do aromatic compounds contain?

A

A benzene ring.

21
Q

What do aliphatic compounds contain?

A

They contain carbon and hydrogen joined together in straight chains, branched chains or non-aromatic rings.

22
Q

What is an alicyclic compound?

A

An aliphatic compound containing a non-aromatic ring.

23
Q

What do saturated organic compounds contain?

A

Carbon-carbon single bonds only.

24
Q

What do unsaturated compounds contain?

A

Carbon-carbon double or triple bonds or aromatic groups.

25
Q

What is an alkyl group?

A

This is a fragment of a molecule with the general formula CnH2n+1

26
Q

What does the main functional group tell you about the molecule?

A

Its homologous series.

27
Q

What does the longest continuous carbon chains show?

A

The stem.

28
Q

In what order should compounds be named?

A

In alphabetical order.

29
Q

What should be ignored when working out the alphabetical order?

A

The numbers in front of identical side chains/functional groups.

30
Q

What should be put in front of identical side chains or functional groups?

A

di-, tri- or tetra-

31
Q

What do isomers have in common?

A

They have the same molecular formula.

32
Q

What are isomers?

A

Two molecules with the same molecular formula but their atoms are arranged differently.

33
Q

What are the two types of isomer?

A

Structural isomers and stereoisomers.

34
Q

What is different about structural isomers?

A

They have a different structural formulas.

35
Q

What are the 3 types of structural isomer?

A

Chain, positional and functional group.

36
Q

What are chain isomers?

A

This is where the carbon skeleton is arranged differently.

37
Q

What are the chemical and physical properties of chain isomers like?

A

They have similar chemical properties but their physical properties are different.

38
Q

Why are the chemical properties of chain isomer different?

A

The molecules are different shapes.

39
Q

What are positional isomers?

A

This is where the skeleton and functional group is the same but the functional group is attached to a different carbon atom.

40
Q

What are the chemical and physical properties of chain isomers like?

A

The physical properties are different and the chemical properties might be different.

41
Q

What are functional group isomers?

A

This is where the same atoms are arranged into different functional groups.

42
Q

What are the chemical and physical properties of functional group isomers like?

A

These are very different.

43
Q

What is important to remember when looking at structural isomers?

A

Sometimes what looks like a structural isomer might not be because atoms can rotate around single carbon-carbon bonds.

Module 4 Chemistry (5 decks)

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