Reactions Of Alkanes Flashcards
What are the two types of bond fission?
Homolytic and heterolytic.
What bond fission?
This is the breaking of a covalent bond.
How does the covalent bond break in heterolytic fission?
The bond breaks unevenly with one of the bonded atoms receiving both electrons from the bonded pair.
How many substances are formed in heterolytic fission?
2 different substances are formed.
What are the two different substances formed in heterolytic fission?
A positively charged cation and a negatively charged anion.
What does a curly arrow represent?
The movement of an electron pair.
How does the covalent bond break in homolytic fission?
The bond breaks evenly, therefore each bonding atom receives one electron from the bonded pair.
What is formed as a result of homolytic fission?
Two electrically uncharged radicals.
What are radicals?
These are particles that have an unpaired electron.
How are radicals shown in mechanisms?
They are shown with one large dot next to the molecular formula.
In what type of reaction do halogens react with alkanes?
Photochemical reactions.
What are photochemical reactions started by?
They are started by light.
What type of light starts the photochemical reaction in which a haloalkane is produced?
UV light.
What is a free-radical substitution reaction?
This is where a hydrogen atom is substituted by chlorine or bromine.
What are the three stages of the reaction mechanism for free-radical substitution?
Initiation, propagation and termination (in that order).
