The Basal Ganglia Flashcards
The 4 principle structures of the Basal Ganglia
Striatum, globus pallidus, substanstia nigra, and subthalamus nucleus
The striatum is divided into
caudate nucelus and the putamen
Lentiform nucleus comprises the
putamen and globus pallidus
The striatum recieves input from the
cerebral cortex, brain stem, and thalamus
two sections of the globus pallidus
external and internal segments
2 nuclei of the substantia nigra
pars compacta
pars reticulata
Pars compacta is a source of these neuromodulating cells.
Dopaminergic cells that project heavily into the striatum (and other nuclei of the basal ganglia)
The subthalamic nucleus is situated between these two structures
the thalamus and substantia nigra
The subthalamic nucleus receives information from
external segment of the globus pallidus
cerebral cortex
thalamus
brain stem
The subthalamic nucleus sends information to
both segments of the globus pallidus,
substantia nigra pars reticulata
The striatum projects to
internal pallidal segment,
substantia nigra pars reticulata
The axons from the striatum follow these pathways
A direct monosynaptic connection and
an indirect polysynaptic pathway running through the external pallidal segment and then to the output nuclei
Most common neural cell type in the striatum
GABAergic medium spiny neuron
the medium spiny neurons in the striatum receive information from where?
cerebral cortex and thalamus
also from interneurons within the striatum
The activities of medium spiny neurons are modulated by what…
inputs from dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta and the ventral tegmental area
