The Baroque in Italy and Spain Flashcards
Treaty of Westphalia
ends the 30 yr was between Catholics and Protestants
Time: 1648
grants religious freedom throughout Europe but it is a threat to Catholics (period dominated by Counter reform)
Council of Trent
Date: 1545-1563
Catholic church met in series of meetings and met about 20 times aimed at curbing the flow of converts to Protestantism and wanted to reaffirm beliefs in wake of Luther
decided that art can be didactic (teaching lesson)
decided art not only kept but could be solidified as a force to be reckoned with Religiously and politically, powerhouse, propaganda, in nature and could help reestablish the Church
influences a lot of art of counter reform
Façade (edit)
Moderno adds façade to the front of Church and was a powerful statement.
Michelangelo wanted to place in back but Moderno decided to place it in front bc of counter-reform
Nave Bay
space between columns
Piazza
plaza–>( Bernini)
(who) adds welcoming arms of the Church
Baldacchino
by Bernini (who added Piazza)
a canopy 100ft high
- Mark tomb of St. Peters (martyrium)
houses high altar which is the major altar of the church and marks the crossing of arms of Church and has the arms meet
creates a frame as you enter
Details:
column spiral: refers to old St. Peters been on spot since 4th century (320) refers to long past shows Church has been here since the beginning
Topped with orb and cross which is the symbol of Constantine who was the 1st Christian emperor and Christian triumph
bee: a symbol of Barbernini fam from current Pope Urban the 8th to recognize the patron of the work
bee was intended to counter Luther’s thoughts of nepotism
Baldacchino details
Details:
column spiral: refers to old St. Peters been on spot since 4th century (320) refers to long past shows Church has been here since the beginning
Topped with orb and cross which is the symbol of Constantine who was the 1st Christian emperor and Christian triumph
bee: a symbol of Barbernini fam from current Pope Urban the 8th to recognize the patron of the work
bee was intended to counter Luther’s thoughts of nepotism
Barberini Family
in the Baldacchino were symbolized by the bee to recognize the Pope Urban the 8th and this was Luther’s thoughts about nepotism and what he saw wrong with the Church
the idea of opulence is the bee
St. Ignatius
conversion subject matter
Founded Jesuit Order of Priests in 1534 100yrs before argue that religious moments for the lady should be recreated moments to increase devotion specially moments of belief conversion
during counter-reformation to try to get people to join the Church
dramatic moments of belief and conversion to show people to increase their devotion
Chiaroscuro
using light and dark to show shadows and create a grounded weighted look
use of light and dark to create a form and give weight model a form
Tenebrism
lighting a shadowy manner dramatic use of light and dark not chiaroscuro not subtle just dark to light for a dramatic and shadowy effect
Caravaggisti
subject matter: conversion
tenebrism
diagonal space for drama and close to viewer
light is not from the artwork but from our space
triangle shaped made by the arms draws the eye from bottom to top dramatic and dynamic and visually interesting
common man: looks like the common person and don’t want figures to look idealized and others wordly like renaissance and wants them to look scrappy relate to us
Bolognese Academy
Carrachi’s family founded
- art could is taught
- learn by classical traits study renaissance masters
create reform painting reaction to mannerism move away from mannerism artifice emotion elongation and indiscriminate space and skewed proportion impossible movements from mannerism.
celebrate artifice of art
bring back naturalism similar to carbagio even though different united with common goal Carrachi and Cargaio)
Trompe l’oeil
fool the eye illusionistic ceiling painting
de sotto in su
from below looking up illusionistic ceiling painting
