The back Flashcards
Trapezius muscle
O: Superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes
I: Lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
Inn: Accessory n. (CNXI)
Actions: Descending part: elevates; Ascending part: depresses; Middle/all parts together: retracts; Descending and ascending: rotate glenoid cavity superiorly
Latissimus Dorsi Muscle
O: T6 to T12, thorocolumbar fascia, iliac crest, ribs 9/10 to 12
I: Floor of intertubulercular sulcus (bicipital groove) of humerus
Inn: Thoracodorsal n.
Actions: extends, adducts & medially rotates humerus; raisies body toward arms during climbing
Levator Scapulae Muscle
O: Transverse process (TP) of C1-C4
I: Superior portion of medial border of scapula
Inn: Dorsal scapular n.
Actions: elevate scapular; rotates glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating the scapula
Rhomboid minor muscle
O: Nuchal ligament
I: Medial boarder of scapular spine
Inn. Dorsal Scapular n.
Actions: Retract scapula; rotates glenoid cavity inferiorly; fix scapula to thoracic
Rhomboid major muscle
O: Spinous process
I: Medial boarder of scapula from spine to inferior angle
Inn. Dorsal Scapular n.
Actions: Retract scapula; rotates glenoid cavity inferiorly; fix scapula to thoracic
Triangle of auscultation
Boundaries
Superior: trapezius muscle
Inferior: latissimus dorsi muscle
Lateral: rhomboid major muscle
Floor: 6th intercostal space
Function: respiratory sounds
Lumbar triangle
Boundaries:
Medial: latissimus dorsi muscle
Lateral: external oblique muscle
Inferior: iliac crest
Floor: internal oblique muscle
Rare: lumbar herniation
Serratus posterier superior muscle
Inn: 2nd to 5th intercostal nn.
Action: elevates ribs
Serratus posterior inferior muscle
Inn: T9-T12 ventral rami
Actions: depresses ribs
Superficial layer of the deep back muscles
Spinotranscersales mm.
Splenius captitis muscle
Splenius cervicis muscle
Intermediate layers of the deep back muscles
Erector spinae mm.
Iliocostalis muscle
longissimus muscle
spinalis muscle
Deep layers of the deep back muscles
Transversospinales mm.
Semispinalis group
Multifidus group
Rotatores group
Splenius capitis
I: Mastoid process
Inn: posterior (dorsal) rami of spinal nn.
Action: bilaterally- extends head and neck; unilaterally- laterally flexes (bends) neck and rotates face to the side
Ipsilateral
Splenius cervicis
I: tP of C1-C3
Inn: posterior (dorsal) rami of spinal nn.
Iliocostalis
Inn: posterior (dorsal) rami of spinal nn.
Actions: Bilaterllay- extends vertebral column & head when back flexed and controls movement via eccentric contraction; Unilaterally- laterally flexes vertebral column
Semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis thoracis
Inn: posterior (dorsal) rami of spinal nn.
Actions: extends head, cervical, and thoracic regions of vertebral column; rotates contralaterally
Multifidus group
Inn: posterior (dorsal) rami of spinal nn.
Actions: stabilizes vertebrae during local movements during local movement of vertebral column
Rotatores group - deep layer
Inn: posterior (dorsal) rami of spinal nn.
Actions: stabilize, extend, and rotate spine
Interspinales
Aid in extension and rotation
Intertransversarii
aid in lateral flexion, stabilization (bilaterally)
Levatores costarum
elevates ribs, assistas with respirations and lateral flexion
Suboccipital triangle muscles
Rectus capitis posterior minor m.
Rectus capitis posterior major m.
Oblique capitis inferior m.
Oblique capitis superior m.
Rectus capitis posterior major
extension and rotation of head
Rectus capitis posterior minor
extension and rotation of head
