Scapula, pectoral, and breast

Question 1

Superficial veins of upper limb

Answer 1

Cephalic vein
Basilic vein
Medial cubital vein

Question 2

Bone of the upper limb

Answer 2

Clavicle
Scapula
Humerus

Question 3

Scapulohumeral muscles

Answer 3

Deltoid muscles
Supraspinatus muscle
Infraspinatus muscle
Teres minor muscle
Teres major muscle
Subscapularis muscle

Question 4

Deltoid muscle

Answer 4

O: Lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
I: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Inn: Axillary Nerve
Actions: Clavicular- flex and medially rotate; Acromial- ABducts arm beyond initial 15 degrees; Spinal- extends and laterally rotates arm

Question 5

Teres Major Muscle

Answer 5

Lats little helper
O: posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
I: Medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus
Inn: lower subscapular nerve
Actions: ADducts and medially rotates the arm

Question 6

Rotator Cuff muscles

Answer 6

SITS
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres mino
Subscapularis

Question 7

Supraspinatus muscle

Answer 7

O: Supraspinous fossa of scapula
I: Superior face of greater tubercule of humerus
Inn: Suprascapular nerve
Actions: Assists deltoid with ABduction of the arm - the initial 15 degrees

Question 8

Infraspinatus muscle

Answer 8

O: infraspinous fossa of scapula
I: middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Inn: Suprascapular nerve
Actions: Laterally rotates the arm

Question 9

Teres minor muscle

Answer 9

O: middle part of lateral border of scapula
I: Inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Inn: Axillary nerve
Actions: laterally rotates the arm

Question 10

Subscapularis muscle

Answer 10

O: Subscapular fossa of scapula
I: Lesser tubercle of humerus
Inn: upper and lower subscapular nn.
Actions: Medially rotates the arm

Question 11

Rotator cuff muscle ligaments

Answer 11

Coracoacromial ligament
Supraspinatus tendon
Subscapularis tendon
Teres minor tendon
Infraspinatus tendon

Question 12

Rotator cuff bursa

Answer 12

Subcutanous acromial bursa
Subacromial bursa/subdeltoid bursa
Subcoracoid bursa
Subtendinous bursa of subscapularis muscle
Subtenindous bursa of infraspinatus muscle

Question 13

Rotator cuff injuries

Answer 13

Repeated abduction and flexion (throwing motion) causes wear on the tendons as they rub on the acromion and coracoacromial ligament
The tendon of the supraspinatus is most vulnerable to injury

Question 14

Anterior Axio-Appendicular muscles

Answer 14

Pectoralis major muscle
Pectoralis minor muscle
Serratus anterior muscle
Subclavius muscle

Question 15

Pectoralis Major muscle

Answer 15

O: Clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages
I: Lateral Lip of bicipital groove of humerus
Inn: Lateral and medial pectoral nn.
Actions: ADducts and medially rotates humerus, draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly
Acting along: clavicular head flexes while sternocostal head extends the humerus from a flexed position

Question 16

Pectoralis minor muscle

Answer 16

O: 3rd to 5th ribs near costal cartilages
I: Coracoid process of scapula
Inn: Medial pectoral nerve
Actions: Stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against the thoracic wall
In a recovery position: can help in respirations

Question 17

Subclavius muscle

Answer 17

O: junction of 1st rib and costal cartilage
I: inferior surface of clavicleI
Inn: Nerve to subclavius
Actions: Depresses and anchors clavicle
Significance: can protect vasculature when the clavicle breaks

Question 18

Serratus anterior muscle

Answer 18

O: lateral part of ribs 1-8
I: medial border of scapula
Inn: long thoracic nerve
Actions: protracts, rotates & hols scapula against thoracic wall
“Boxing muscle”

Question 19

Serratus anterior paralysis

Answer 19

Paralysis of serratus anterior muscle resulting from injury to long thoracic nerve.
Scapula moved laterally and posteriorly away from the thoracic wall
Gives the scapula and “Winged” appearance

Question 20

Gateways to posterior scapular region

Answer 20

Quadrangular space
Triangular space
Triangular interval

Question 21

Suprascapular notch

Answer 21

The superior transverse scapular ligament divides the suprascapular artery and nerve. The artery goes above the ligament and the nerve goes below the ligament.

Question 22

Spinoglenoid notch

Answer 22

suprascapular artery and nerve also pass through this notch

Question 23

Quadrangular space

Answer 23

Superior: Teres minor muscle
Inferior: Teres major muscle
Medial: tricept brachii long head muscle
Lateral: shaft of the humerus
Contents: axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery

Question 24

Triangular space

Answer 24

Superior: Teres Minor muscle
Inferior: Teres major muscle
Lateral: triceps brachii long head muscle
Contects: circumflex scapular artery

Question 25

Spinal nerve 5

Answer 25

ABducts the arm

Question 26

Scapular anastomosis

Answer 26

Supracapular artery Dorsal scapular artery Circumflex scapular artery Thoracodorsal artery Axial artery: if there is damage the body can still receive blood

Question 27

Superficial anatomy of the breast

Answer 27

Nipples Areola Breast quadrants

Question 28

Breast's shape

Answer 28

round and mostly from fat, 2/3 rest on pectoralis major and 1/3 on serratus anterior fascia

Question 29

Anatomy of the breast

Answer 29

Suspensory ligaments Lactiferous ducts Lobules of mammary gland Lactiferous sinus

Question 30

Suspensory ligaments

Answer 30

condensations of fibrous connective tissue

Question 31

lactiferous ducts

Answer 31

Give rise to buds that develop into 15 to 20 lobules

Question 32

lobules of mammary gland

Answer 32

parenchyma

Question 33

Lactiferous sinus

Answer 33

dilated portion of each duct located deep to the areola, where milk will accumulate or remain in a nursing mother - causing the let-down reflex

Question 34

Retromammary space

Answer 34

space between the breast and pectoralis major invaded in late stage of cancer where breast implants are placed

Question 35

Milk production

Answer 35

Milk is produced in alveoli and is stored in the lactiferous ducts. Some milk is kept in the lactiferous sinuses - this is what the baby gets immediately when they latch and then the mother stays to let down more milk

Question 36

Lymphatic drainage of the breast

Answer 36

Triangle in armpit: humeral nodes, subscapular nodes and pectoral nodes - these drain to the central nodes. The central nodes drain to the subclavian lymphatic trunk. The subclavian lymph trunk drains into venous system at subclavian and internal jugular junction The parasternal lymph nodes drain to the right lymphatic duct and into the venous system.