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Anatomy > Scapula, pectoral, and breast > Flashcards

Scapula, pectoral, and breast Flashcards

1
Q

Superficial veins of upper limb

A

Cephalic vein
Basilic vein
Medial cubital vein

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2
Q

Bone of the upper limb

A

Clavicle
Scapula
Humerus

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3
Q

Scapulohumeral muscles

A

Deltoid muscles
Supraspinatus muscle
Infraspinatus muscle
Teres minor muscle
Teres major muscle
Subscapularis muscle

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4
Q

Deltoid muscle

A

O: Lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
I: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Inn: Axillary Nerve
Actions: Clavicular- flex and medially rotate; Acromial- ABducts arm beyond initial 15 degrees; Spinal- extends and laterally rotates arm

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5
Q

Teres Major Muscle

A

Lats little helper
O: posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
I: Medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus
Inn: lower subscapular nerve
Actions: ADducts and medially rotates the arm

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6
Q

Rotator Cuff muscles

A

SITS
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres mino
Subscapularis

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7
Q

Supraspinatus muscle

A

O: Supraspinous fossa of scapula
I: Superior face of greater tubercule of humerus
Inn: Suprascapular nerve
Actions: Assists deltoid with ABduction of the arm - the initial 15 degrees

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8
Q

Infraspinatus muscle

A

O: infraspinous fossa of scapula
I: middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Inn: Suprascapular nerve
Actions: Laterally rotates the arm

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9
Q

Teres minor muscle

A

O: middle part of lateral border of scapula
I: Inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Inn: Axillary nerve
Actions: laterally rotates the arm

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10
Q

Subscapularis muscle

A

O: Subscapular fossa of scapula
I: Lesser tubercle of humerus
Inn: upper and lower subscapular nn.
Actions: Medially rotates the arm

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11
Q

Rotator cuff muscle ligaments

A

Coracoacromial ligament
Supraspinatus tendon
Subscapularis tendon
Teres minor tendon
Infraspinatus tendon

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12
Q

Rotator cuff bursa

A

Subcutanous acromial bursa
Subacromial bursa/subdeltoid bursa
Subcoracoid bursa
Subtendinous bursa of subscapularis muscle
Subtenindous bursa of infraspinatus muscle

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13
Q

Rotator cuff injuries

A

Repeated abduction and flexion (throwing motion) causes wear on the tendons as they rub on the acromion and coracoacromial ligament
The tendon of the supraspinatus is most vulnerable to injury

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14
Q

Anterior Axio-Appendicular muscles

A

Pectoralis major muscle
Pectoralis minor muscle
Serratus anterior muscle
Subclavius muscle

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15
Q

Pectoralis Major muscle

A

O: Clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages
I: Lateral Lip of bicipital groove of humerus
Inn: Lateral and medial pectoral nn.
Actions: ADducts and medially rotates humerus, draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly
Acting along: clavicular head flexes while sternocostal head extends the humerus from a flexed position

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16
Q

Pectoralis minor muscle

A

O: 3rd to 5th ribs near costal cartilages
I: Coracoid process of scapula
Inn: Medial pectoral nerve
Actions: Stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against the thoracic wall
In a recovery position: can help in respirations

17
Q

Subclavius muscle

A

O: junction of 1st rib and costal cartilage
I: inferior surface of clavicleI
Inn: Nerve to subclavius
Actions: Depresses and anchors clavicle
Significance: can protect vasculature when the clavicle breaks

18
Q

Serratus anterior muscle

A

O: lateral part of ribs 1-8
I: medial border of scapula
Inn: long thoracic nerve
Actions: protracts, rotates & hols scapula against thoracic wall
“Boxing muscle”

19
Q

Serratus anterior paralysis

A

Paralysis of serratus anterior muscle resulting from injury to long thoracic nerve.
Scapula moved laterally and posteriorly away from the thoracic wall
Gives the scapula and “Winged” appearance

20
Q

Gateways to posterior scapular region

A

Quadrangular space
Triangular space
Triangular interval

21
Q

Suprascapular notch

A

The superior transverse scapular ligament divides the suprascapular artery and nerve. The artery goes above the ligament and the nerve goes below the ligament.

22
Q

Spinoglenoid notch

A

suprascapular artery and nerve also pass through this notch

23
Q

Quadrangular space

A

Superior: Teres minor muscle
Inferior: Teres major muscle
Medial: tricept brachii long head muscle
Lateral: shaft of the humerus
Contents: axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery

24
Q

Triangular space

A

Superior: Teres Minor muscle
Inferior: Teres major muscle
Lateral: triceps brachii long head muscle
Contects: circumflex scapular artery

25
Q

Spinal nerve 5

A

ABducts the arm

26
Q

Scapular anastomosis

A

Supracapular artery
Dorsal scapular artery
Circumflex scapular artery
Thoracodorsal artery
Axial artery: if there is damage the body can still receive blood

27
Q

Superficial anatomy of the breast

A

Nipples
Areola
Breast quadrants

28
Q

Breast’s shape

A

round and mostly from fat, 2/3 rest on pectoralis major and 1/3 on serratus anterior fascia

29
Q

Anatomy of the breast

A

Suspensory ligaments
Lactiferous ducts
Lobules of mammary gland
Lactiferous sinus

30
Q

Suspensory ligaments

A

condensations of fibrous connective tissue

31
Q

lactiferous ducts

A

Give rise to buds that develop into 15 to 20 lobules

32
Q

lobules of mammary gland

A

parenchyma

33
Q

Lactiferous sinus

A

dilated portion of each duct located deep to the areola, where milk will accumulate or remain in a nursing mother - causing the let-down reflex

34
Q

Retromammary space

A

space between the breast and pectoralis major
invaded in late stage of cancer
where breast implants are placed

35
Q

Milk production

A

Milk is produced in alveoli and is stored in the lactiferous ducts. Some milk is kept in the lactiferous sinuses - this is what the baby gets immediately when they latch and then the mother stays to let down more milk

36
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the breast

A

Triangle in armpit: humeral nodes, subscapular nodes and pectoral nodes - these drain to the central nodes. The central nodes drain to the subclavian lymphatic trunk. The subclavian lymph trunk drains into venous system at subclavian and internal jugular junction
The parasternal lymph nodes drain to the right lymphatic duct and into the venous system.

Anatomy (8 decks)

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