The back

Question 1

cervical vertebrae

Answer 1

-small
-foramen in transverse process
-bifid spinous process

Question 2

thoracic vertebrae

Answer 2

-ribs wiht synovial joint
-lumber punture happens here

Question 3

lumber vertebrae

Answer 3

-vertebral body 1/2 or more of the vertebral spinal curvature
-concave
-develop in infacy and toddler stage

Question 4

cervical

Answer 4

develops as baby begins to hold head up

Question 5

sacral

Answer 5

develops as baby begins to stand/crawl

Question 6

types of movement

Answer 6

-extension, flexion
-latreral flexion
-rotation

Question 7

lateral rotation

Answer 7

to the side

Question 8

medial rotation

Answer 8

to middle

Question 9

intervertebral joints

Answer 9

-symphysical
-synovial

Question 10

symphysical

Answer 10

where two vertebral bodies meet
-cushioned by intervertebral disk

Question 11

synovial

Answer 11

between articular processes
-cushioned by synovial fluid

Question 12

anulus fibrosus

Answer 12

tough fibrocartlidge
-prevents too much rotation

Question 13

nucleus pulposus

Answer 13

cushioning

Question 14

intrinsic

Answer 14

origin, insertion, and body fully
-innervated by posterior rami
-movement of head and vertebral column

Question 15

extrinsic

Answer 15

parts of the muscles extend in other regions
-innervated mostly by anterior rami
-deep within thoracic wall
-superficial associated with limbs

Question 16

superficial extrinsic muscle

Answer 16

trapezius and latissimus dorsi

Question 17

Trapezius

Answer 17

-Superior fibers elevate scapulae (shrug shoulders)
-Inferior aid posterior when rotate the scapula upward, (raising hand)

-Motor innervation by accessory nerve (CN-XI)

-Sensory neurons enter spinal cord at C3 and C4

-Blood supply by transverse cervical artery

Question 18

latissimus dorsi

Answer 18

Extension, adduction, and medial rotation of humerus
Thoracodorsal nerve
Thoracodorsal artery

Question 19

Levator scapulae

Answer 19

Elevates scapula (synergist to trapezius)
C3-C5
Transverse and ascending cervical artery

Question 20

Rhomboid major and minor

Answer 20

-Retract and elevate scapulae
-Dorsal scapular nerve
-Transverse cervical artery

Question 21

Serratus posterior superior

Answer 21

Elevates ribs II-V
T2-T5 anterior rami
-aids in respiration

Question 22

Serratus posterior inferior

Answer 22

Depresses ribs IX to XII
Stops diaphragm from raising ribs
T9-T12 anterior rami
- aids in respiration

Question 23

Splenius capitis

Answer 23

O – ligamentum nuchae
I – Mastoid processes
Posterior rami of middle cervical nerves
-Extend neck, turn head when only one side contracts

Question 24

Splenius cervicis

Answer 24

Synergist
Posterior rami of lower cervical nerves
-Extend neck, turn head when only one side contracts

Question 25

erector spine muscle

Answer 25

Extend spine

Lateral to Medial:
Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis

Question 26

Transversospinales

Answer 26

Aid in extension of spine
If only one side contracts cause lateral flexion

Question 27

Interspinales

Question 28

gray matter

Answer 28

soma of neurons

Question 29

white matter

Answer 29

axons and glia

Question 30

spinal nerves

Answer 30

-Carry information to and from spinal cord
-Posterior rami usually sensory to dorsal horn
-Anterior rami motor from ventral or lateral horns

Question 31

menigies

Answer 31

Connective tissue surrounding and protecting spinal cord
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater