The Back

Question 1

The Back

How many vertebrae are there?

Answer 1

33 (7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 fused sacrum, 4 fused coccyx

Question 2

The Back

Vertebral Body

Answer 2

anterior portion of the vertebrae

Question 3

The Back

Vertebral Arch

Answer 3

posterior portion of the vertebrae with the spiny processes

Question 4

The Back

Vertebral Foramen

Answer 4

hole between the Vertebral Body and the Vertebral Arch

Question 5

The Back

Spinous Process

Answer 5

posterior process of the vertebra

Question 6

The Back

Lamina

Answer 6

bone connecting the processes on the Vertebral Arch

Question 7

The Back

Transverse Process

Answer 7

lateral process of the vertebra

Question 8

The Back

Pedicle

Answer 8

bone connecting Vertebral Arch and Vertebral Body

Question 9

The Back

Superior Vertebral Notch

Answer 9

superior notch between vertebral body and vertebral arch

Question 10

The Back

inferior Vertebral Notch

Answer 10

inferior notch between vertebral body and vertebral arch

Question 11

The Back

Superior Articular Process

Answer 11

superior process coming up and posteriorly out of vertebral arch

Question 12

The Back

Inferior Articular Process

Answer 12

inferior process coming down and posteriorly out of vertebral arch

Question 13

The Back

Atlas

Answer 13

C1

Question 14

The Back

Axis

Answer 14

C2

Question 15

The Back

What is the spinous process typical in cervical vertebra?

Answer 15

bifid spinous process

Question 16

The Back

Transverse Foramen (foramen transversarium)

Answer 16

hole in the transverse processes typical of c1 - c6 to conduct the paired vertebral arteries that travel toward the head

Question 17

The Back

Uncinate Process

Answer 17

bony margins that project from the lateral edges of the superior surface of the vertebral body

Question 18

The Back

Vertebral Prominens

Answer 18

C7 - bc it has a particularly prominent spinous process

Question 19

The Back

Costal Facets

Answer 19

Located on thoracic vertebrae to help with articulation of ribs

Question 20

The Back

What characterizes the thoracic spinous process?

Answer 20

long sloping spinous process

Question 21

The Back

What 2 things characterize lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 21

1. large, sturdy vertebral bodies 2. short, blunt spinous process

Question 22

The Back

What 3 ways can the sacrum articulate?

Answer 22

superiorly with L5, laterally with pelvic bones, inferiorly with coccyx

Question 23

The Back

Sacral Hiatus

Answer 23

end of the sacral canal (vertebral canal)

Question 24

The Back

Sacral Canal

Answer 24

portion of the vertebral canal that runs through the sacrum

Question 25

# The Back Vertebral Canal

Answer 25

canal created by successive vertebral foramina from the cranial cavity via the foramen magnum to the sacral hiatus

Question 26

# The Back Intervertebral Foramina

Answer 26

hole formed between superior and inferior vertebral notches on stacked vertebra where access to spinal cord is possible

Question 27

# The Back Symphysis

Answer 27

joint between vertebral bodies (where intervertebral discs are) - two bones connected by cartilage

Question 28

# The Back Facet Joints (zygapophyseal joints)

Answer 28

joints between articular processes allow for articulation

Question 29

# The Back 4 ways the spine can move

Answer 29

flexion, extension, lateral flexion (bending), rotation

Question 30

# The Back Intervertebral Disc

Answer 30

cartilage with outer fibrocartilage (Anulus Fibrous) and gelatinous core (Nucleus Pulposus)

Question 31

# The Back How do the intervetebral discs contribute to movement?

Answer 31

act as shock absorbers

Question 32

# The Back How does the facet facilitate motion in each region of the vertebral column?

Answer 32

the orientation of the joint changes to accomadate types of movement characteristic of each region (lumbar - flexion and extension, thoracic - rotation)

Question 33

# The Back What is a herniated or ruptured disc?

Answer 33

anulus fibrosus tears and nucleus pulposus portrudes out and this may compress the spinal nerve (PAIN), common between L4-L5 and L5-S1

Question 34

# The Back Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

Answer 34

band running the anterior aspect of the vertebral bodies - prevents over extension

Question 35

# The Back Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

Answer 35

band found on the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies and anterior to vertebral canal (in vertebral foramen) - limits flexion

Question 36

# The Back Supraspinous Ligament

Answer 36

runs along spinous procesess from C7 to sacrum - limits flexion of cervical spine

Question 37

# The Back Ligamentum Nuchae

Answer 37

attches to occipital bone from C7 and helps support the head

Question 38

# The Back Interspinous Ligaments

Answer 38

fill spaces between adjacent spinous processes

Question 39

# The Back Ligamentum Flavum

Answer 39

connects adjacent laminae (high in elestic fibers)

Question 40

# The Back Primary Curvature

Answer 40

in embryo, thoracic and sacrum regions curve concave anteriorly

Question 41

# The Back Secondary Curvature

Answer 41

beginning to form before birth, cervical and lumbar regions curve convex anteriorly - fully forms in early childhood

Question 42

# The Back Kyphosis

Answer 42

abnormal spinal curvature - exaggerated thoracic curvature - hunchback

Question 43

# The Back Lordosis

Answer 43

abnormal spinal curvature - exaggerated lumbar curvature - swayback

Question 44

# The Back Scoliosis

Answer 44

abnormal spinal curvature - lateral curve in the coronal plane

Question 45

# The Back Occipital Bone

Answer 45

bone at posterior base of skull

Question 46

# The Back Foramen Magnum

Answer 46

Hole at base of skull

Question 47

# The Back Extrinsic Back Muscles

Answer 47

superficial and intermediate layers, innervated by the ventral rami of spinal nerves

Question 48

# The Back Intrinsic Back Muscles

Answer 48

deep layer, innervated by the dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Question 49

# The Back Function of Superficial Layer of Back Muscles

Answer 49

move the upper extremity

Question 50

# The Back Function of Intermediate Layer of Back Muscles

Answer 50

muscles of respiration

Question 51

# The Back Function of Deep Layer of Back Muscles

Answer 51

stabilize and move the axial skeleton

Question 52

# The Back Superficial Muscles of the Back

Answer 52

Trapezius, Latissimus Dorsi, Levator Scapulae, Rhomboid Major and Minor

Question 53

# The Back What 4 things do we need to know for each muscle?

Answer 53

Origin (fixed point), insertion (mobile point), innervation, and function

Question 54

# The Back Intermediate Mucles of the Back

Answer 54

Serratus Posterior Superior, Serratus Posterior Inferior

Question 55

# The Back Deep Layer Muscles of the Back

Answer 55

Splenius Capitis and Cervicis, Erector Spinae, Semispinalis Capitis

Question 56

# The Back Which spinal nerve innervates the skin?

Answer 56

The dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Question 57

# The Back What arteries supply the intrinsic back muscles?

Answer 57

posterior intercostal arteries (near thoracic vertebrae) and the lumbar arteries (near lumbar vertebrae)

Question 58

# The Back What artery supplies the extrinsic trapezius muscle?

Answer 58

transverse cervical artery