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HAE Quiz 1 > The Back > Flashcards

The Back Flashcards

1
Q

The Back

How many vertebrae are there?

A

33 (7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 fused sacrum, 4 fused coccyx

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2
Q

The Back

Vertebral Body

A

anterior portion of the vertebrae

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3
Q

The Back

Vertebral Arch

A

posterior portion of the vertebrae with the spiny processes

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4
Q

The Back

Vertebral Foramen

A

hole between the Vertebral Body and the Vertebral Arch

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5
Q

The Back

Spinous Process

A

posterior process of the vertebra

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6
Q

The Back

Lamina

A

bone connecting the processes on the Vertebral Arch

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7
Q

The Back

Transverse Process

A

lateral process of the vertebra

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8
Q

The Back

Pedicle

A

bone connecting Vertebral Arch and Vertebral Body

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9
Q

The Back

Superior Vertebral Notch

A

superior notch between vertebral body and vertebral arch

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10
Q

The Back

inferior Vertebral Notch

A

inferior notch between vertebral body and vertebral arch

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11
Q

The Back

Superior Articular Process

A

superior process coming up and posteriorly out of vertebral arch

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12
Q

The Back

Inferior Articular Process

A

inferior process coming down and posteriorly out of vertebral arch

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13
Q

The Back

Atlas

A

C1

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14
Q

The Back

Axis

A

C2

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15
Q

The Back

What is the spinous process typical in cervical vertebra?

A

bifid spinous process

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16
Q

The Back

Transverse Foramen (foramen transversarium)

A

hole in the transverse processes typical of c1 - c6 to conduct the paired vertebral arteries that travel toward the head

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17
Q

The Back

Uncinate Process

A

bony margins that project from the lateral edges of the superior surface of the vertebral body

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18
Q

The Back

Vertebral Prominens

A

C7 - bc it has a particularly prominent spinous process

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19
Q

The Back

Costal Facets

A

Located on thoracic vertebrae to help with articulation of ribs

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20
Q

The Back

What characterizes the thoracic spinous process?

A

long sloping spinous process

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21
Q

The Back

What 2 things characterize lumbar vertebrae?

A
  1. large, sturdy vertebral bodies 2. short, blunt spinous process
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22
Q

The Back

What 3 ways can the sacrum articulate?

A

superiorly with L5, laterally with pelvic bones, inferiorly with coccyx

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23
Q

The Back

Sacral Hiatus

A

end of the sacral canal (vertebral canal)

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24
Q

The Back

Sacral Canal

A

portion of the vertebral canal that runs through the sacrum

25
Q

The Back

Vertebral Canal

A

canal created by successive vertebral foramina from the cranial cavity via the foramen magnum to the sacral hiatus

26
Q

The Back

Intervertebral Foramina

A

hole formed between superior and inferior vertebral notches on stacked vertebra where access to spinal cord is possible

27
Q

The Back

Symphysis

A

joint between vertebral bodies (where intervertebral discs are) - two bones connected by cartilage

28
Q

The Back

Facet Joints (zygapophyseal joints)

A

joints between articular processes allow for articulation

29
Q

The Back

4 ways the spine can move

A

flexion, extension, lateral flexion (bending), rotation

30
Q

The Back

Intervertebral Disc

A

cartilage with outer fibrocartilage (Anulus Fibrous) and gelatinous core (Nucleus Pulposus)

31
Q

The Back

How do the intervetebral discs contribute to movement?

A

act as shock absorbers

32
Q

The Back

How does the facet facilitate motion in each region of the vertebral column?

A

the orientation of the joint changes to accomadate types of movement characteristic of each region (lumbar - flexion and extension, thoracic - rotation)

33
Q

The Back

What is a herniated or ruptured disc?

A

anulus fibrosus tears and nucleus pulposus portrudes out and this may compress the spinal nerve (PAIN), common between L4-L5 and L5-S1

34
Q

The Back

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

A

band running the anterior aspect of the vertebral bodies - prevents over extension

35
Q

The Back

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

A

band found on the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies and anterior to vertebral canal (in vertebral foramen) - limits flexion

36
Q

The Back

Supraspinous Ligament

A

runs along spinous procesess from C7 to sacrum - limits flexion of cervical spine

37
Q

The Back

Ligamentum Nuchae

A

attches to occipital bone from C7 and helps support the head

38
Q

The Back

Interspinous Ligaments

A

fill spaces between adjacent spinous processes

39
Q

The Back

Ligamentum Flavum

A

connects adjacent laminae (high in elestic fibers)

40
Q

The Back

Primary Curvature

A

in embryo, thoracic and sacrum regions curve concave anteriorly

41
Q

The Back

Secondary Curvature

A

beginning to form before birth, cervical and lumbar regions curve convex anteriorly - fully forms in early childhood

42
Q

The Back

Kyphosis

A

abnormal spinal curvature - exaggerated thoracic curvature - hunchback

43
Q

The Back

Lordosis

A

abnormal spinal curvature - exaggerated lumbar curvature - swayback

44
Q

The Back

Scoliosis

A

abnormal spinal curvature - lateral curve in the coronal plane

45
Q

The Back

Occipital Bone

A

bone at posterior base of skull

46
Q

The Back

Foramen Magnum

A

Hole at base of skull

47
Q

The Back

Extrinsic Back Muscles

A

superficial and intermediate layers, innervated by the ventral rami of spinal nerves

48
Q

The Back

Intrinsic Back Muscles

A

deep layer, innervated by the dorsal rami of spinal nerves

49
Q

The Back

Function of Superficial Layer of Back Muscles

A

move the upper extremity

50
Q

The Back

Function of Intermediate Layer of Back Muscles

A

muscles of respiration

51
Q

The Back

Function of Deep Layer of Back Muscles

A

stabilize and move the axial skeleton

52
Q

The Back

Superficial Muscles of the Back

A

Trapezius, Latissimus Dorsi, Levator Scapulae, Rhomboid Major and Minor

53
Q

The Back

What 4 things do we need to know for each muscle?

A

Origin (fixed point), insertion (mobile point), innervation, and function

54
Q

The Back

Intermediate Mucles of the Back

A

Serratus Posterior Superior, Serratus Posterior Inferior

55
Q

The Back

Deep Layer Muscles of the Back

A

Splenius Capitis and Cervicis, Erector Spinae, Semispinalis Capitis

56
Q

The Back

Which spinal nerve innervates the skin?

A

The dorsal rami of spinal nerves

57
Q

The Back

What arteries supply the intrinsic back muscles?

A

posterior intercostal arteries (near thoracic vertebrae) and the lumbar arteries (near lumbar vertebrae)

58
Q

The Back

What artery supplies the extrinsic trapezius muscle?

A

transverse cervical artery

HAE Quiz 1 (5 decks)

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