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HAE Quiz 1 > Intro to Nervous System > Flashcards

Intro to Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Brain and Spine

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1
Q

Peripheral Nervouse System

A

Cranial Nerves, Spinal Nerves, Ganglia

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2
Q

Ganglia

A

groups of neuronal cell bodies that exist outside of the CNS

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3
Q

Spinal Cord - Dorsal Horn

A

posterior horns of spinal cord - sensory neurons

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4
Q

Spinal Cord - Lateral Horn

A

in thoracic and sacral spinal cord, lies between the dorsal and ventral horns and contributes to visceral innervation)

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5
Q

Spinal Cord - Ventral Horn

A

anterior horns of the spinal cord - motor neurons

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6
Q

Spinal Cord - Gray Matter

A

contains neuronal cell bodies (butterfly region defining the horns)

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7
Q

Spinal Cord - White Matter

A

contains tracks of axons

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8
Q

Conus Medullaris

A

end of the spinal cord at L2

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9
Q

2 Enlargements

A

due to increased number of neurons, cervical enlargement (C5 - T1) for innervation of upper extremities, and lumbar enlargement (L1 - S3) for innervation of lower extremities

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10
Q

Meninges (3)

A

connective tissue layers that surround in the brain and spine, Pia Mater, Arachnoid Mater, Dura Mater

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11
Q

What is the order of the meninges and their associated spaces from spinal cord to vertebral canal?

A

spinal cord - pia mater - subarachnoid space - arachnoid mater - subdural space - dura mater - epideral space - vertebral canal

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12
Q

Epidural Space

A

between vertebral canal and dura mater, contains fat and intraspinal veins

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13
Q

Dura Mater

A

dural sac structure that runs from the foramen magnum to S2 where it is continuous with the external filum terminale that’s anchored in the coccyx

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14
Q

External Filum Terminale

A

coccygeal ligament that is an extension of dura mater from S2 to coccyx

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15
Q

Subdural Space

A

potential space between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater

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16
Q

Arachnoid Mater

A

spider web-like layer that lines the dural sac, but is not attached to the dura mater

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17
Q

Subarachnoid Space

A

between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater, contains the cerebrospinal fliud and extends to S2 and end of dural sac

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18
Q

Pia Mater

A

continuous with the spinal cord (cannot be detached), runs down to the conus medullaris at L2 and then becomes the internal filum terminale

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19
Q

Denticulate Ligaments

A

lateral extensions of the Pia Mater that attach the spinal cord to the Dura Mater (support)

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20
Q

Internal Filum Terminale

A

extension of the Pia Mater where is ends at conus medullaris (L2) to where the dural sac ends at S2 and it joins with the external filum terminale

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21
Q

Cranial Nerves

A

CN 1 to CN 12, body to brain - mostly in the head and neck, except CN11 Accessory nerve (trapezius) and CN10 Vagus Nerve that goes to the lower abdomen

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22
Q

Spinal Nerves

A

31 pairs (C1-8) (T1-12) (L1-5) (S1-5) (C1) that attach to the spinal cord through the invertebral foramina

23
Q

Cervical Spinal Nerve attachment

A

exits superior to corresponding vertebrae until C8 which exits above T12

24
Q

Thoracic - Coccygeal Spinal Nerve attachment

A

exit inferior to the corresponding vertebrae and distance from spinal segment to corresponding exit point at vertebrae increases as you move inferiorly

25
Q

Dermatome

A

area of skin innervated by a particular spinal nerve pair (1 spinal cord segment)

26
Q

What germ layer does each spinal cord segment develop from?

A

mesoderm somites

27
Q

Dorsal Root

A

group of spinal cord sensory rootlets (containing sensory neurons) that exit the dorsal horn of the spinal cord

28
Q

Ventral Root

A

group of spinal cord motor rootlets (containing motor neurons) that exit the ventral horn of the spinal cord

29
Q

Dorsal Root Ganglion

A

spinal ganglion where afferent cell bodies reside

30
Q

Dorsal Ramus

A

goes to back region

31
Q

Ventral Ramus

A

goes to neck, trunk and limbs

32
Q

Nerve Plexus

A

network of nerves, typical in cervical, T1, lumbar, and sacral regions - only with ventral rami (typically on the way to extremities)

33
Q

Cauda Equina

A

collection of nerves inferior from the conus medullaris

34
Q

What germ layer developes into spinal nerves?

A

neural crest cells from the neuroectoderm and ectoderm

35
Q

Neuron

A

specialized cell that transmits information through propagating action potentials

36
Q

Nerve

A

collection of neuronal fibers

37
Q

Components of the Neuron

A

dendrites, cell body, axon

38
Q

Neuron - Dendrites

A

carry impulse to cell body

39
Q

Neuron - Cell Body

A

contains organelles

40
Q

Neron - Axon

A

carries impulses away from cell body

41
Q

Spinal Nerve - Nucleus

A

collection of cell bodies in the CNS (brain or spinal cord)

42
Q

Spinal Nerve - Ganglion

A

collection of cell bodies in the PNS enclosed by connective tissue covering

43
Q

Spinal Nerve - Tract

A

collection of axons in the CNS

44
Q

Spinal Nerve - Nerve

A

collection of axons in the PNS

45
Q

Structural Types of Neurons (4)

A

unipolar, bipolar, pseudounipolar, multipolar

46
Q

What are the most common neuron structures in the human body?

A

pseudounipolar - one process splits into two (PNS), multipolar - more the 2 procceses (CNS)

47
Q

Direction of Efferent Neurons

A

to the body (cell body in CNS, axons in PNS)

48
Q

Direction of Afferent Neurons

A

to CNS (cell body in dorsal root ganglion, axons in CNS and PNS)

49
Q

Where do Efferent Neurons originate and travel and what is their function?

A

originate in ventral horn (cell body in CNS), travel through ventral root and provide motor function

50
Q

Where fo Afferent Neurons originate and travel and what is their function?

A

originate in dorsal ganglion (cell body in PNS), one branch travels to CNS via the dorsal root and one travels to the body through ventral or dorsal rami, sensory function

51
Q

What does somatic refer to?

A

skin, skeletal muscle, joints, bones (movement and support)

52
Q

What does visceral refer to?

A

organs, glands, blood vessels (digestion, respiration and excretion)

53
Q

Afferent Neuron types and functions

A
  1. Somatic Afferent - touch, pain, temp, proprioception 2. Visceral Afferent - visceral reflexes
54
Q

Efferent Neuron types and functions

A
  1. Somative Efferent - motor impulses to skeletal muscle 2. Visceral Efferent - motor impulses to smooth and cardiac muscle and secretory impulses to glands

HAE Quiz 1 (5 decks)

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