the autonomic nervous system Flashcards
what is the autonomic nervous system and what is its physiological role
-the neural pathways. that leaves the brain that controls involuntary muscles
-homeostasis
what part of the body controls hormonal response
the hypothalamus
what is the difference between neural and hormonal response
neural is short term
hormonal has a sustained effect
what does the sympathetic division control
‘fight or flight’
what does the parasympathetic division control
‘rest and digest’
what is a ganglion
a ganglion is a group of nerve bodies that lie outside of the CNS
what is the difference between the sympathetic and the parasympathetic efferent neurones
-the sympathetic has a short preganglionic nerve
and a long postganglionic nerve
-the parasympathetic has a long preganglonic nerve and a short postganglionic nerve
where is the preganglionic neurone of the sympathetic nervous system located
hint - 3 places
-midbrain
-medulla
-lateral horn of the spinal cord
what does the ganglia form
the sympathetic chain
what does the ganglia in the sympathetic nervous system form
the sympathetic chain
where is the preganglionic neurone located in the parasympathetic nervous system
hint - 2 places
- medulla
- sacral segment of the spinal cord
where are the ganglia loctaed in the parasympathetic nervous system
target tissue
what does the hypothalamus do
hint - 2 functions
-acts as an intergration centre and maintains the ANS
-manages hormones
what does the reticular formation do
has direct influence over the ANS
what is the amygdala
it is the main limbic region for emotions
which parts of the body in the sympathetic nervous system are exceptions to the sympathetic nervous system
- kidney
-adrenal gland
why is the kidney an exception to the sympathetic nervous system
it has dopamine released into it from the renal vascular bed
why is the adrenal gland an exception to the sympathetic nervous system
the preganglionic neurone does not synapse into the sympathetic ganglion, it synapses directly on the adrenal gland
which neurotransmitter and receptor are used on all autonomic ganglia during excitatory transmission
- acetylcholine
-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
which neurotransmitter and receptor is used for transmission at the postganglionic sympathetic synapse
hint - can be 2 kinds of receptors
-noradrenaline
-alpha-adrenoreceptor or beta-adrenoreceptor
which neurotransmitter and receptor is used for transmission at the postganglionic parasympathetic synapse
-acetylcholine
-muscarinic receptor
what is the enteric nervous system
an autonomous part of the autonomic nervous system that is in direct control of the gastrointestinal tract
how does the enteric nervous system communicate with the central nervous system
through the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
